KwK – abbreviation for "Kampfwagenkanone", the turret-mounted main (cannon) armament of a main battle tank. It restricted the German army to a 100,000-man volunteer force, with a maximum of 4,000 officers, who were each required to serve for 25 years. Stab (pl. It was cancelled with the end of the Cold War in 1989. Geschützführer – gun captain / commander / layer. Inhaber der Befehls- und Kommandogewalt (IBuK) – commander-in-chief. Many of these were Hanoverian and when Britain standardized with its Pattern 1776 rifle, it was essentially a copy of a Jäger style from Hanover. Since they owned their own weapons there was little standardization, and the early rifles were generally designed for hunting. Panzerschiffe – "armoured ships"; i.e., ", Papierkrieg – paper war. The name was chosen for propaganda reasons and means "assault rifle" as in "to assault a bunker". Kommandanten-Schießlehrgang – U-boat Commander's Torpedo Course. The muzzle assembly consisted of many fine parts and was difficult to disassemble, keep clean, and maintain in field conditions. This included the production of the MKb 42(H). NOTE: Pending the assertion of military power in the face of domestic and foreign enemy operations, Mr. Biden is the legitimately elected president and no citizen may challenge that outside of legal due process. "In Deckung!" These rifles saw a high attrition rate on the Eastern front. Drahtverhau – barbed-wire entanglement. There was a lever on the receiver that isolated the magazine, so that the rifle could be fired and loaded one shot at a time, keeping the magazine in reserve. This is a refinement of the Bavarian M1854 adopting Minie type ammunition and using simplified sights. Compare Tarnung, meaning "concealment" or "camouflage". Adolf Hitler was increasingly concerned with this, and after Hermann Göring had created the FG 42 (Fallschirmjägergewehr or Paratrooper Rifle) in a separate program from the army's similar Gewehr 41 efforts, Hitler cancelled all new rifle projects completely. Feindfahrt – "enemy trip"; in U-boat terminology, a war cruise or combat patrol against the enemy. – Commander-in-Chief of the Army. This shorter version of the German standard (7.92×57mm) rifle round, in combination with the weapon's selective-fire design, provided most of the controllable firepower of a submachine gun at close quarters with much of the accuracy and power of a Karabiner 98k bolt-action rifle at intermediate ranges. Sometimes also used to refer to the headquarters of a C-in-C as an alternative to. – "special-purpose motor vehicle", usually abbreviated and referring to an Ordnance Inventory Number. The struggle to keep up with reports and record keeping, Pauke Pauke – code word for fighter pilots when engaging enemy aircraft (lit. ", Einsatz Reinhard (Mission/Action "Reinhard") – code name given on June 4, 1942 for the assignment to exterminate all Polish Jews in honor of SS Deputy Chief, Einsatztrupp (Troop Task Force) – smallest of the, El Alamein (October–November 1942) – crucial battle of WW2 pitting the British under General Montgomery's 8th Army (approximately 1200 tanks) against General. Eventually the truth surfaced and Hitler ordered the project stopped once again. Krieg or Krieg(s)- – "war" or "wartime-". In the name K98k, the first "K" stands for karabiner (carbine) and the second "k" for kurz (short). ", and "In Deckung bleiben!" But by 1908 the Kar 98AZ was introduced, which was very popular with the German forces fighting in the trenches of World War I. : "acts of a pig"); (in a military context) crimes against civilians. Etappendienst – German naval intelligence department. Fliegerabwehr-Abteilung – anti-aircraft battalion. The G3 rifle has been widely praised for its relatively compact size and sturdy stamped steel construction, which also enabled lower production costs compared to many other 7.62 mm NATO rifles. By the time Adolf Hitler came into power in 1933 with promises to revive the country’s former might, the German public was ready for it. Werkschutz – industrial plant protection service and security police. The Gewehr 71 is a conventional-looking bolt-action single-shot rifle that uses black-powder cartridges. Seeing the possibility of a propaganda coup, the rifle was again renamed the StG44, to highlight the new class of weapon it represented, translated, it means "assault rifle, model 1944", thereby introducing the term. The Dreyse needle-gun (Nadelgewehr) was a military breechloading rifle, famous as the arm of the Prussians, who adopted it for service in 1848 as the Prussian Model 1848. Repeat. The Podewils gun was a 13.9mm calibre rifle used in the Bavarian army since 1858. Divisionsarzt – medical officer of a division. Widely used in World War II. The evolution of German military rifles is a history of common and diverse paths followed by the separate German states, until the mid-19th century when Prussia emerged as the dominant state within Germany and the nation was unified. Frequently there was a scrolled brass trigger guard to provide a better grip and a raised cheek-rest for support when aiming. means "Stay under cover!" Geschwader – originally and literally a naval ". In 1869 the Bavarian army started to replace it with the Werder breechloader, but due to budgetary constrains by 1870 most Bavarian troops still used the Podewils while only four infantry battalions had received the Werder (primarily Jäger units). In 1835, the Germans converted most of the 1810 rifles to percussion and adopted a nipple safety, which is an arm that covers the percussion cap to prevent accidental discharge. Whereas the previous cartridge was 7.9mm × 57, a 227-grain (14.7 g) bullet that had a diameter of .318" and a round blunt end, this new cartridge, 7.92mm × 57, featured a 154-grain (10.0 g) bullet of the 'spitzer' (pointed) type. Schirmmütze – officer's and senior NCO's peaked cap, Schlacht – battle. However these accessories were deemed unsuccessful in tests and were dropped even before the rifle entered serial production. They were replaced in 1959 by the Heckler & Koch G3, based on the Spanish CETME Modelo 58, partly because the Belgians would not grant a license for production of the G1 in Germany. An adjective derived from "Volk" meaning "people," coming from the racist, nationalist, Volksgemeinschaft – national community or civilian population; public support (see. Adolf Hitler was chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, serving as dictator and leader of the Nazi Party, or National Socialist German Workers Party, for the bulk of his time in power. Germany’s Foreign Minister Heiko Maas has suggested that his country’s military mission in Afghanistan should be extended beyond its expiration in March. Iwan – German slang for a Soviet soldier (similar to "Jerry" or "Kraut", the British and American slang terms for Germans). Slang term used by German soldiers during World Wars I and II for a military-issue mixture of dried vegetables. Both designs were similar, using a gas-operated action, with both semi-automatic and fully automatic firing modes. In November 1956 West Germany ordered 100,000 additional FALs, designated the G1, for the army. The G3 and its variants have been used by the armed forces and police in a wide variety of countries. Ausführung (Ausf.) The AR-10 was procured in 1958 for testing as a possible replacement for the G1 rifle (FN FAL). Luftwaffe slang for an enemy fighter (from the game of cowboys and Indians.). "Sprung auf, marsch, marsch!" A name for a German operation. Generalkommando – the headquarters of an army corps. Sonderfahndungslisten – wanted-persons list. außer Dienst (a.D.) – retired (literally: out of service). The military’s complicity extended not only to the generals and upper leadership but also to the rank and file. Heimatschuß – "homeland shot"; a wound not severe enough to be permanently disabling, but of sufficient severity to require evacuation from the battlefront. "Halbe Fahrt!" : Radio Search) – department of German Military Intelligence tasked to locate forbidden radio transmitters in France. Wehrmachtgefolge – Armed Forces Auxiliaries. Heldenklau – "stealing" or "snatching of heroes"; slang term used to denote the practice of commandeering rear-echelon personnel for front-line service. In the imperial army this was the post of a Generalleutnant. Truppenarzt – physician in units and sub-units with organic medical sections, e.g. = "Torpedo hit!" Motorkanone – engine-mounted autocannon armament firing through a hollow propeller shaft on inline-engined fighter aircraft. Halsschmerzen – "sore throat" or "itchy neck"; used to describe a reckless or glory-seeking commander, implying an obsession with winning the. Vergeltungsmaßnahmen – reprisals; retaliatory punitive measures. Only 6,673 were produced before production was halted, and of these, 1,673 were returned as unusable. Ranks and translations of nicknames for vehicles are included. It was designated the Sturmgewehr 940 ("Assault Rifle 940"), or StG-940. Total production by the end of the war was 402,713 of both models, including at least 53,435 sniper rifles fitted with the Zielfernrohr 43 ('ZF 4') scope with 4x magnification. German troops were issued the rifle by 1899 and used them in the Boxer Rebellion of 1901. "Hart..." – naval command calling for a sharp turn. This is a list of words, terms, concepts, and slogans that have been or are used by the German military. Panzerketten), Kettenkraftrad – a tracked motorcycle; also, Kindersärge – "children's coffins", slang term applied to small, wooden, KLA: Kriegsschiffbaulehrabteilung – was a warship-construction training division that supervised a, Kleinkampfverband (K-Verband) – special naval operations unit, comprising a few. Einsatzbereit – statement meaning, "Ready for action. The German term for "Operation" is Unternehmen, literally "undertaking". Mauser developed some carbine models in the early 20th century, including the Kar 98 and Kar 98A (Karabiner). 'Kettledrums'). Armee-Sanitäts-Abteilung – army medical unit. Contracts for rifles firing the Kurz round were sent to both Walther and Haenel (whose design group was headed by Hugo Schmeisser), they were asked to submit prototype weapons under the name Maschinenkarabiner 1942 (MKb 42, literally "machine carbine"). Radikale Niederwerfung – ruthless suppression. 98b, they were given a turned-down bolt, a side-mounted sling system, and a newer style of magazine follower. Fähnrich zur See – naval officer candidate rank equivalent to Bootsmann (Petty Officer 1st Class). As with most early military rifles used by European forces, they were not designed to supplant the smooth bore musket, but meant to be a complementary weapon used by special units including light infantry, skirmishers, and snipers. The first German FALs were from an order placed in late 1955/early 1956, for several thousand FN FAL so-called "Canada" models with wooden furniture and the prong flashhider. air fleet. The Mauser design, the G41(M), failed. A trench magazine was also produced that could be attached to the bottom of the internal magazine by removing the floor plate, increasing capacity to 20 rounds, although it still required loading with the clips. Rollkommando – small motorized (rolling) taskforce (non military: band for hit-and-run crime), Saukopf – "pig's head", used to refer to the shape of a. Schachtellaufwerk – name for the system of overlapped and interleaved road wheels used on German military half-track and armored fighting vehicles before and during World War II. The Karabiner 98k "Mauser" (often abbreviated "K98k" or "Kar98k") was adopted in the mid 1930s and would be the most common infantry rifle in service within the German Army during World War II. Kriegsflagge – "war ensign"; military form of the national flag, quartered by a black cross with an Iron Cross in the canton. "self protection"; ethnic German civilian, Sicherungsflottillen – (1) escort ships, (2), Sippenhaftung – the practice of arresting members of a person's family for political crimes or. Hoheitsabzeichen – national insignia e.g. Ablösungsdivision – relief division (1917), later renamed, Abteilungschef – battalion commander in artillery and cavalry formations, Abteilungsführer – substitute battalion commander in artillery and cavalry formations, Aggregat 4 (A4) – original name of the German. While the StG44 had less range and power than the more powerful infantry rifles of the day, Wehrmacht studies had shown that most combat engagements occurred at less than 300 meters with the majority within 200 meters. Whenever Hitler asked about the progress of the rifle, he was always shown one of these prototypes, although there was no intention of producing them. Most junior officer cadet with sergeant (US) or corporal (UK) status. Wehrmachtführungsstab – Armed Forces Operations Staff. – for special employment. Heckler & Koch started designing the G36 in 1990. The diameter was .323", which required the re-barreling of previously issued rifles, including the Gewehr 98 and Gewehr 88. Bavaria was engaged in several central European conflicts during the late 19th century, opposing Prussia in the Austro-Prussian war in 1866; however it then joined Prussia against France in 1870–71. By the late 18th century, these rifles had evolved to being shorter than earlier hunting weapons and were generally shorter than the typical military musket, with no provision for a bayonet. Divisionskommandeur – commanding officer of a division, typically a General officer. An improved model, giving greater muzzle velocity and increased speed in loading, was introduced, but this was soon replaced by the Mauser rifle. Erschießungsaktion – Shooting action usually carried out by a member of a firing squad (Erschießungskommando). Beutepanzer – captured tank or armoured vehicle. Its name comes from its needle-like firing pin, which passed through the cartridge case to detonate a percussion cap at the base of the bullet. A properly trained soldier with an StG44 had an improved tactical repertoire, in that he could effectively engage targets at longer ranges than with an MP40, but be much more useful than the Kar 98k in close combat, as well as provide light cover fire like a light machine gun. The upper end of the paper case was rolled up and bound together before the needle could strike the primer that was attached to the base of the bullet; its point then passed through the powder and hit the primer ahead. Trommelfeuer - High frequency artillery fire (Barage) causing sound of shell-explosions to merge into a rumble. The theory behind this placement of the primer is that it would give more complete combustion of the charge. Because the breech-loader made it possible for a Prussian soldier to fire five (or more) shots, even while lying on the ground, in the time that it took his Austrian counterpart to fire one (and then reload while standing), it was seen as allowing the Prussians to sweep the field. A family of variants exists, many of which have been adopted by police or military forces. Jäger were a type of soldier, a form of light infantry, first named by the Landgrave of Hesse when he formed such a unit from his foresters and huntsmen in 1631. Daimler-Benz (DB) – a producer of military vehicles, and engines to power both German aircraft and surface vehicles. The design evolved into the CETME rifle, later adopted in 1958 by the Spanish Army as the Assault Rifle Model 58. Fronterlebnis – front experience. Unit information, a record of all equipment issued, and other details were entered into this book. Military Personnel Job Descriptions", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glossary_of_German_military_terms&oldid=999643645, Military history of Germany during World War II, Lists of government and military acronyms, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. ), of either German front line; or, Befehlshaber – commander-in-chief; lit. "; lit. Hauptgefreiter – (enlisted personnel); not used prior to the Bundeswehr. Its designation was F, as in F/GR10 for Füsilierbataillon of the Genadier-Regiment 10. Vernichtungskrieg – (1) "war of annihilation" against USSR civilians; (2) dogmatic offensive. Share on Facebook. (2007): Zentner, Christian and Friedemann Bedürftig (1991). Hauptfeldwebel – company sergeant-major or first sergeant. Superior officer address subordinates with "Herr" and their last name or simply their rank, but not adding "Herr" to the rank. The German Army of the Nazi era inherited its uniforms and rank structure from the Reichsheer of the Weimar republic (1921–1935), many of whose traditions went back to the Imperial Army of the German Empire and earlier. Lehr – "demonstration"; usually part of the name of an elite formation used as or mobilized from instructional troops (e.g.. leicht – "light", usually to refer a lighter type, such as light tank: Leopard – the name originally used for the Porsche-produced, Leutnant zur See – naval rank, equivalent to, "Los!" Exerzierpanzer – practice or exercise tank. A Fähnrich zur See is an NCO, though, and will have commensurable tasks. The decision is pending funding by the Bundestag. Maschinenfabrik Niedersachsen Hannover (MNH) – weapon (tank) development and production firm. ", and "In Deckung bleiben!" This page was last edited on 11 January 2021, at 06:03. Fliegerschwert – airman's sword (part of an officer's, Fliegertruppe – part of the official name (. Mostly in past tense. Bef.Wg) – the commanding tank of any panzer detachment; also used of purpose-built command tanks with extra radio gear. Frontgemeinschaft – front-line comradeship or community; group of front-line combat soldiers. Offizier im Generalstab – General Staff officer, Offizier-Lager (Oflag) – "officer camp"; German. In order to preserve the weapons development, a new project at Gustloff was started to produce a similar weapon using the original Mauser round, the Mkb 43(G). The term derives from the Italian "birazzo", a two-wheeled cart. means "Take cover! "In Deckung!" The design was developed from the Karabiner 98b, one of the carbines developed from the Model 1898 mentioned before. ", "It's finished! ausgefallen – statement that equipment is down, has failed, is out of action. Freischärlerunwesen – "pestering by guerrillas"; guerrilla activities or terrorist incidents. In 1956 the German Army bought 400 CETME rifles. Tommy – German slang for a British soldier (similar to "Jerry" or "Kraut", the British and American slang terms for Germans). The evolution of German military rifles is a history of common and diverse paths followed by the separate German states, until the mid-19th century when Prussia emerged as the dominant state within Germany and the nation was unified. FlaK-Helfer – "FlaK helper"; often underaged auxiliaries used to load and operate FlaK batteries and man searchlight batteries. The Reichsheer was renamed Wehrmacht Heer in May 1935. They are maps divided by 40 years, but they illustrate how the German and Russian military machines created detailed plans of Aberdeen and other prominent locations in the north-east of Scotland. Gleichschaltung – "coordination", coordination of everything into Nazi ideals. "fast troops" mechanized troops (whether armour or infantry). Ritterkreuzträger – a holder of the Knight's Cross. The rear sight was simplified from the large rear sight and altered to a more appropriate target range of 100–2,000 meters. Armee-Nachrichten-Führer – army signals officer, served on the staff HQ of an army. The addition of a 10-round detachable box magazine also solved the slow reloading problem. The G3 was chambered for the 7.62×51mm NATO cartridge. One concern was that the new weapon used a new ammunition type that would further hamper an already daunting logistics problem. Over 14 million of these rifles were produced by various manufacturers. Deckung — Cover. A Fähnrich is an NCO, though, and will have commensurable tasks. Sometimes a killing squad/unit, but also used for divisions raised for special reasons (e.g., the, General der Infanterie, Kavallerie, etc. "), Luchs – "lynx"; nickname given to the Model L version of the. Schutzhaftbefehl – "protective custody order"; document declaring that a detained person desired to be imprisoned; normally this signature was forced by torture. The Mauser Model 1871 adopted as the Gewehr 71 or Infanterie-Gewehr 71 ( I.G.Mod.71 first of many military rifles manufactured to the designs of Peter-Paul and Wilhelm Mauser of the Mauser company. Schnelle Truppen – lit. After these were incorporated, Heckler & Koch obtained a license for further production.[1][2]. – naval command; "All hands, abandon ship!". Kommando (Kdo.) The Gewehr 43 was put into production in October 1943, and followed in 1944 by the Karabiner 43 ('K43'), which was identical to the G43 in every way save for the letter stamped on the side. In 1905 the Patrone S cartridge was adopted by the German army. Flakpanzer – armoured self-propelled antiaircraft gun, such as the. The patch box lids were generally brass and were hinged at the rear. The magazine now fit in the rifle without any part of it protruding in front of the trigger making it less apt to be damaged while still easily and quickly loaded from the five round stripper clips. U-Fahrausbildungslehrgang – where submarine personnel learned to operate U-boats. It is the current service rifle of the German and the Spanish Armed Forces among others. On September 15, 2020, the Bundeswehr selected the Haenel MK 556 to replace the HK G36 as their new service rifle. "Halbe Fahrt voraus" is "half-speed ahead" and "Halbe Fahrt zurück" is "half-speed reverse". Jäger rifles typically had a length around 45 inches (1,100 mm), with a 30-inch (760 mm) barrel, and weighed around 9 lb (4.1 kg).
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