Example: "see page 258, The abbreviation is used in citations. Also, in. = manuscript, Terr.Tent.=Terre Tenant the lord of a manor or freeholder in actual occupation of the land, as distinct from his superior lord.X = a mark made by a person instead of a signature; Christ; ChristianOED = Oxford English Dictionary, Abbreviations Lists for Personal Names (English), UK Genealogy - Common Acronyms and Jargon, https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=Abbreviations_Found_in_Genealogy_Records&oldid=4774178. legitimized through subsequent marriage . I am pretty new to trying to read and translate Latin (I did have 4 years of high school Latin, but that was 50 years ago) https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3Q9M-CSZ5-3BRX?i=78 image 79 right side 1st entry. This page has been viewed 61,888 times (0 via redirect). Examples: CCLC, LC, CNC or CWC. witness . I dont have a firm answer about the abbreviation f.p. We can see the names of the bride and groom, their parents and where they were from, the names of the witnesses and where they were from. "Latin Genealogical Terms." It is most often used in, Used in historical research where spellings of names varied, such as genealogy tables and ancestry charts, for example when MacDonald, Macdonald, and McDonald are used by different members of the same family, or even by the same person at different times (before spellings were standardized). The year of Christ the Savior, similar to A.D. Used when referring the reader to a passage beginning in a certain place, and continuing, e.g., "p.6 et seqq." endobj <> Hi there, perhaps you can help me: on a South African death certificate dated 1890, the doctor wrote the following for Condition in Life: Fide maiter lustrous. young man legitimatus per subsequius matrimonius . A genealogical system developed by the Family History Department of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints that links individuals to ancestors in pedigree, family group, and descendant formats. Ive found some strange abbreviations in Latin records, too. See if there is a corresponding or follow-up document to verify information (such as in a probate file). is commonly used in English instead to convey this meaning. Catholic Family History Society CD/DVD-ROM Publications, Catholic Family History Society Print Publications, Cyndi's List of Genealogy Sites on the Internet. Common Latin Words Found in Genealogy Documents. The following abbreviations are those most commonly used in genealogical records. Another Latin abbreviation found in genealogy documents. 8 0 obj - "pro tempore" (temporary or acting in the place of). When quoting a female author, use the corresponding feminine form. I have a question unrelated to the above queries and comments. (LogOut/ degree of consanguinity (or affinity or any other impediment), A further example was added to say that when a dispensation was granted by virtue of their missionary faculties the priest was to insert data per me dispensatione ab impedimento given by me a dispensation from the impediment of, In the Blog on 13 Aug, you discussed a marriage register entry from 1846, being unsure of the meaning of the Latin A me Misso Apco. Means in the same article, book or other reference work as was mentioned before. Most of these 1813 Catholic baptismal records include an abbreviation following the names of the parents, and before the names of godparents. A list of those used in Roman Republican and early Imperial times may be seen in James Chidester Egbert, Jr.'s Latin Inscriptions (New York City, 1896), 417459. They are not, correctly speaking, abbreviations. legitimus (abbreviations: leg. Most first names were in Latin. Different endings will be used if a word is masculine, feminine or neuter, as well as to indicate singular or plural forms of a word. endobj Change). By breaking this into smaller pieces, it is possible to understand what it is saying (with the help of Google Translate and my schoolboy Latin): 1846 die decimo octavo menses MaiiThe eighteenth day of May 1846, null legitimo impedimento detectono lawful impediment was detected, ego Carolus Middlehurst Apcus. <> Rutter, Sampson, Swinerd, Head, Redman in Kent. Read the entire document or article to see if a phrase was reiterated in English. in regards to a death. Dear Erudita74, Thank you so much! The following are some of of the abbreviations which he used: M - Married, D - Died, W - Widowed, R - Moved from the parish, C- Changed his address within the parish, N - New resident, P - Poor man. endobj Written for the Carnival of Eastern European Genealogy. AM. Without seeing the document, its not possible to determine what trem. stands for. There are other, similar entries nearby. Proavus means great grandfather and proava means great grandmother. Print: PN147.S26 2014 RR4 Religion/ANE. Meaning Abbreviated Abbreviations Common. "Latin Genealogical Terms." Sort. (Dates in Latin--see next section.) Anno Dni. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. (. Have a question? Use. G0((bMnx(g'. I agree that it looks like JP C. I would contact a county historian to verify, but it probably indicates he was a justice of the peace for the county. "ber" = sometimes added to a number to indicate a month of the year. The meaning is distinct from "unanimously"; "nem. <> These include records of baptisms or christenings, marriages, deaths or burials, and confirmations. To me it looks more like JP C). Used to indicate additions after a postscript. Here is a list of frequently used abbreviationsto understand them better, acquaint yourself with some of the more common terms, such as decessit and obdormio, which mean died or fell asleep, legitima (legitimate), sine (without), matris and patris (mother and father), and prole (issue or offspring). = sine prole; without offspring. Translating Parish Records - Births. If this is a child or mothers record, the p could possibly stand for partem (birth) and the d.f. absolvere - to give absolution. Although not the common spoken language in England, the official written language was Latin until 1733. Im not familiar with Hungarian abbreviations, but these are Latin terms which would have been customary to use in a Catholic record. anon. 2nd ed. My gt grandparents' marriage, Rosscarbery, Co . Sancto Maria in oppido Wigan Jacobum Hall filium Georgii et Marie Hall de Staley Bridge et Annam Heaney filiam Nicolai et Judith Heaney de Wigan interrogavi, eorumque mutuo consensus habito, solemniter per verba de praesenti matrimonio conjunxi, praesentibus notis testibus Henrico Baron et Catherine Baron qui uterque habitat Wigan. Quantin, Prou). At the time, Hungary was predominantly Catholic, accounting for over 60% of the country's population, and up to 90% of in parts of northwestern Hungary and Burgenland, Austria. \ legitim.) Often used in medical contexts. John = Joannes, Jno. Thanks. Ultimo (often abbreviated "ult."): Ultimo or Ultimo Mense is a Latin . The use of conventional phrases and abbreviations continues today. A part of the monarch's title, it is found on all British and Canadian coins. Click on the type of record below to learn more and see sample images with transcriptions and translations. 6 0 obj The second part is a typical abbreviaton for natus, indicating that the birth was in Denby. I know he was a probate judge, but am not sure if the abbreviation means that or not. An undergraduate bachelor's degree awarded for either a course or a program in the. marriage records, and death records, check out The Magic of German Church Records Book. Curates submitted annual returns of baptisms, marriages and burials to the diocese authority (Bishop's Transcripts). Praesentibus ) Joanne Edwards (talis loco) If a genealogist is lucky enough to be able to trace his/her ancestors back far enough in time, he/she is likely to encounter documents written in the Latin language the language of the Roman Catholic Church. :zR} The three most common old Latin terms for dates are: instant, ultimo, and proximo, which refer to the present month, last month and next month respectively. Used with dates to indicate "approximately". Learn how church records can reveal immigrant ancestors' origins, provide mystery parents' names, stand in for missing birth records and more. [closed] +3 votes. If you look carefully again at the f.p. I suspect youll see that the f hasnt got its little cross-stroke. Example: "That patient needs attention, "namely", "to wit", "precisely", "that is to say". Boost Your English Vocabulary With These 50 Greek and Latin Root Words, Use These Latin Words in English Conversations, How to Make Sense of Census Abbreviations, Ahnentafel: Genealogical Numbering System, Learn the Endings of Fifth Declension Latin Nouns, The Four Marriages of King Philip II of Spain, Common Latin Abbreviations Used in English. I go to my abbreviation finder website, . Rector Miss. Commonly, such contractions appear at the end of a word andtheysometimes include a stroke to indicate that letters are missing. Churchwardens attended to see that the ceremony was performed, the name is derived from their staves of office.w.d. For instance, 7br refers to Septem or month number 7 occurring during the . Know that male names often end in - us or - ius, while female names end in - a. endobj The Record Interpreter: A Collection of Abbreviations, Latin Words and Names Used in English Historical Manuscripts and Records. Used to indicate additions to a text after the signature of a letter. RP ,Oj5tI/nZCKSajhaXL\nbIwVuq\kn/fH$Hm[H+bilGxKr*AG1R./oF*"@ 1)f6l4T !g6vp^_f6,e[?{x?q7Q=/f:8#(YzB3pC?hFNA~? OB is an indication of the Latin word obiit (death) and if it is followed by a date, that would be the date of death of a loved one. In the fourth class of abbreviations belong all such as are used to describe the elements of the year, civil or ecclesiastical. i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi, vii, viii, ix, x = 1 to 10xx, xxx = 20 & 30i or j = primo; on the first, dom.=dominus (-a); lord or sir (lady or dame), fil.pop= filius(-a) populi or filius (a) vulgi; bastard son or daughter of a harlot, in com.=in comitatu; in the county (of)libre = book, ob. Call Number: FLS2016 038003 [PA2814 .G36 1995 OVERFLOWJ34], Call Number: FLS2016 040538 [PA2895 .M67 1989 OVERFLOWJ34]. . Post indicates after an event. In contradistinction to "i.e." The degree is typically studied for in fine art, humanities, social science or theology and can be either fully taught, research-based, or a combination of the two. When encounteringthe abbreviation c withwhat appeared to bean apostrophe above the letter, one might suspect it to be a contraction of cum meaning with, and indeed that is the case. This late 16th-century example is of the words 'A declaracion': -rum. Introduces an explanation (as opposed to an example): "For reasons not fully understood there is only a minor PSI contribution to the variable fluorescence emission of chloroplasts (Dau, 1994), The "LL." "If you are well, it is good. So what you were looking at was the abbreviation s.p. thats explained above in this article. endobj In particular, Lindsays bookon Latin contractions (Lindsay, W. M. 1908. In reading early church records from Preston, CT (1700's) I have come across some abbreviations and terms I do not know the meaning of. DS69.1.R3 RR4 Religion/ANE. Handwritten in church book, 1831. I?m not really sure what the MI/ML may stand for, possibly Margaret/Mary-Elizabeth. It may be well to state at once that since 29 December 1878, by order of LeoXIII, the great papal documents (Litterae Apostolicae) are no longer written in the old Gothic hand known as bollatico; all abbreviations, with the exception of a few obvious ones, like S.R.E., were abolished by the same authority (Acta Sanctae Sedis, XI, 465467). the scribes who recorded the documents were not always fluent in Latin,and they sometimes misspelled wordsand made grammatical errors. Pastor" or less literally, "baptized by the pastor" (who probably penned the record in the church book). Your email address will not be published. Sometimes referred to loosely as a Visitation. Using this guide, you can glean the most Negative = "No"; Negative et amplius = "No with emphasis"). = will datedtwp = townshipnat. Most children were baptized within days of being born. <> Among the most difficultwords to understand in Latinmanuscripts are those that elide or suspend entire groups of letters withina word,such as the examples of Nblius and Gnosis shown above. Common Latin Words Found in Genealogy Documents. <> Eventually such productive centres of technical manuscripts as the Papal Chancery, the theological schools of Paris and Oxford, and the civil-law school of Bologna set the standards of abbreviations for all Europe. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. In the 1860 census for Randolph County, Alabama, my ancestor Joseph Currie is listed as Framer, JTC (according to Ancestry.com. The same Latin word may be found with multiple endings, depending on the way the word is used in the sentence. The Act was introduced by the then Lord Chancellor, Lord King, and came into force on 25 March 1733. <>/Font<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 720 540] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> By Rick Crume Premium. Latin was used in the records of most European countries and in the Roman Catholic records of the United States and Canada. Sort. The first line of a baptism entry lists the parents and the name of the child. Anno pdo. (See Catholic societies, orders of merit.) Words that have extra strokes over one or more letters, or over the whole word, or that include odd symbols or superscripts, are very likely abbreviations. Abbreviations for Assyriology (CDLI) Reallexikon der Assyriologie. Just discovered this website, and the latin explanations. Military - militaris, bellicus. [citation needed]. Between the seventh and ninth centuries the ancient Roman system of abbreviations gave way to a more difficult one that gradually grew up in the monastic houses and in the chanceries of the new Teutonic kingdoms. In 1752, two changes were made to the English Calendar. Mary is a genealogist, author and editor with a strong technology background. Beginner's Latin. It is a Latin abbreviation for 'rum', used in words in the genitive case ending in 'orum' or 'arum'. Another Latin abbreviation, sometimes seen before a pastor's name. Powell, Kimberly. The Jewish scribes and Talmudic scholars also had frequent recourse to abbreviations. Great post, Steve. Fortunately, a growing number of online books and websites address these issues of Latin contractions and abbreviations. Learn how your comment data is processed. place and date of burial 2 0 obj Cert is in relation to a man who is intending to . . In an old Danish parish record book (1750s), the abbreviations Comm. and Comp. are used consistently in the baptism entries. Missus., it looks as though both words are abbreviations but it doesnt seem too important at this point. [avi] Parochus, or "I baptised. The Catholic records on Findmypast include baptisms, marriages, burials and congregational records such as confirmations. Another newspaper article, this one from 1977, reports that a 14th century definition for the equivalent of caelebsbachelorapplied to candidates for knighthood, and those who had earned an academic degree. juvenis (abbreviation: juv.) Notice in this example, Mrs. Ann Parrott is referred to as the consort of Mr. James Parrott. As seen in the previous examples, relationship statuses can be specific in Latin. Powell, Kimberly. Introduces an example (as opposed to an explanation): "The shipping company instituted a surcharge on any items weighing over a ton; Followed by the dates during which the person, usually famous, was active and productive in his/her profession. Used in editing to indicate that something should remain as it is, and not be changed. Latin abbreviations in baptismal records. Often abbreviated as "r." followed by the dates during which the king or queen reigned/ruled, as opposed to the monarch's dates of birth and death. Latin, Hungarian and Slovak translations to English of church records for baptism, marriage, and death records. In many countries throughout the world, Catholic parish records were written in Latin even into the 20th century. endobj Translation: Honest young man Nicolaus Jochim son of deceased Friedrich Adam Jochim mayor of this town and Anna Barbara deceased his second legitimate wife with chaste virgin Maria Eva Gade daughter of George Gade, alderman and innkeeper (adursum??) Record TypesBaptismal Register - matricula baptizatorum, liberCensus - censusChurch Records - parish matrica (parish registers)Death Register - certificato di morteMarriage Register - matrica (marriage register), bannorum (register of marriage banns), liberMilitary - militaris, bellicus, Family EventsBaptism / Christening - baptismi, baptizatus, renatus, plutus, lautus, purgatus, ablutus, lustratioBirth - nati, natus, genitus, natales, ortus, oriundusBurial - sepulti, sepultus, humatus, humatioDeath - mortuus, defunctus, obitus, denatus, decessus, peritus, mors, mortis, obiit, decessitDivorce - divortiumMarriage - matrimonium, copulatio, copulati, conjuncti, nupti, sponsati, ligati, maritiMarriage (banns) - banni, proclamationes, denuntiationes, RelationshipsAncestor - antecessor, patres (forefathers)Aunt - amita (paternal aunt); matertera, matris soror (maternal aunt)Brother - frater, frates gemelli (twin brothers)Brother-in-law - affinis, sororiusChild - ifans, filius (son of), filia (daughter of), puer, prolesCousin - sobrinus, generDaughter - filia, puella; filia innupta (unwed daughter); unigena (only begotten daughter)Descendant - proles, successioFather - pater (father), pater ignoratus (unknown father), novercus (stepfather)Grandchild - nepos ex fil, nepos (grandson); neptis (granddaughter)Grandfather - avus, pater patris (paternal grandfather)Grandmother - avia, socrus magna (maternal grandmother)Great-grandchild - pronepos (great grandson); proneptis (great granddaughter)Great-grandfather - proavus, abavus (2nd great grandfather), atavus (3rd great grandfather)Great-grandmother - proavia, proava, abavia (2nd great grandmother)Husband - uxor (spouse), maritus, sponsus, conjus, coniux, ligatus, virMother - materNiece/Nephew - amitini, filius fratris/sororis (nephew), filia fratris/sororis (niece)Orphan, Foundling - orbus, orbaParents - parentes, genitoresRelatives - propinqui (relatives); agnati, agnatus (paternal relatives); cognati, cognatus (maternal relatives); affines, affinitas (related by marriage, in-laws)Sister - soror, germana, glos (husband's sister)Sister-in-law - glorisSon - filius, natusSon-in-law - generUncle - avunculus (paternal uncle), patruus (maternal uncle)Wife - vxor/uxor (spouse), marita, conjux, sponsa, mulier, femina, consorsWidow - vidua, relictaWidower - viduas, relictus, DatesDay - dies, dieMonth - mensis, mensesYear - annus, anno; often abbreviated Ao, AE or aEMorning - maneNight - nocte, vespere (evening)January - JanuariusFebruary - FebruariusMarch - MartiusApril - AprilisMay - MaiusJune - Junius, IuniusJuly - Julius, Iulius, QuinctilisAugust - AugustusSeptember - September, Septembris, 7ber, VIIberOctober - October, Octobris, 8ber, VIIIberNovember - November, Novembris, 9ber, IXberDecember - December, Decembris, 10ber, Xber, Other Common Latin Genealogical TermsAnd others - et alii (et. Powell, Kimberly. Typically used when the person's dates of birth and death are unknown. Hi, Im seeing this word in a number of Hungarian documents and Im sure its very simple but I cannot translate it and understand how it is being used in the context of some records. I dont understand Apcus. B., Vicar Apostolic of this district was a dispensation from the impediment of the first (or second etc.) in this 1718 Marriage record from Rulzheim, Germany? absolutio publice (latin) - to publicly confess ones sins and being given absolution. Sometimes, the information that a researcher needs has been written in plain sight. The third line has Comp. as the lead word and usually lists only male names. Without seeing the record, you may need to contact a South African physician. St Mary in the town of Wigan, Jacobum Hall filium Georgii et Marie Hall de Staley Bridge et Annam Heaney filiam Nicolai et Judith Heaney de WiganJames Hall, son of George and Mary Hall of Staley Bridge, and Anne, daughter of Nicholas Heaney and Judith Heaney of Wigan, interrogavi, eorumque mutuo consensus habito, solemniter per verba de praesenti matrimonio conjunxiI asked, and having their mutual consent, solemnly united by words of marriage. This abbreviation is used in citations to indicate an unspecified number of pages following the specified page. Because of this universal need for baptism, these records will include the majority of the people living in the parish, regardless of their social or economic status. Sometimes on church records names may be abbreviated, so for example the abbreviation may actually read DL, which would be short for Daniel. Comm: Giertrud Nielsdatter and Berthe Pedersdatter from Grenn. New York: Robert Appleton Company. These records can be divided into two categories: Non-Sacramental Records and Sacramental Records. It does not indicate that this priest held a University degree of Master of Arts, My guess is that it is: baptiz. Hello, Looking at Irish Roman Catholic Baptism records, across the top of the page it says Mense Junii AD 1849 Die veis(reis?)(vus?) I just want to say Thank You for taking the time to put this in the public domain to help other researchers, like myself who are unfamiliar with Latin texts. Under this general heading may be included all abbreviated forms of addresses in ordinary intercourse, whether of individuals or of members of religious orders, congregations, institutes, to which may be added the forms of addresses usual for members of Catholic lay societies and the Papal orders of merit. First, learn common words, such as Gatte (husband), Tauf (baptism) and names of months. Apos. In many countries throughout the world, Catholic parish records were written in Latin even into the 20th century. Hi, Thank you for your message. Im looking at Irish marriage records and see ASHE Catherine .orse EFFER in 1841. Habit and convenience are today the principal motives for using abbreviations. Since the keeping of records as part of the civil registration systems did not start until the 19th century, parish . Just after the frontispiece, there were instructions on how to complete the entries, with the printed text in normal print and the priests entries in italics , Anno 1885 die 13 mensis Maii, Ego N.N. As one would expect, these printed versions were entirely in Latin. Nearly all the abbreviations below have been adopted by Modern English. con." It is possible that these abbreviations may refer to the names of the parents. It contains genealogical information about millions of people from many nations. Jno or Johes = JohnHy = HenryWm = William =Willus xpher or Xpoferus= Christopher The first two letters are not really X and p but the greek letter X(Ch) and p (r) Xp was a customary abbreviation for Christ. Most of those in actual use fall under one or other of the following heads: Administrative, Liturgical, Scholastic, and Chronological. in prepositions and terminations, became the source of many peculiar abbreviations; similarly, frequently recurring words like et (and), est (is). My apologies for such a long delay. For example Jacobum (accusative form of Jacobus) can mean Jacob or James, cross checking with census records will resolve this. This 1807 newspaper article implies that the definition includes a man (or in the case of caelibia, a woman), in search of a wife. The conventional English transcription procedure is to use both Old and New Reckonings; for example, the Old Style of 1 February 1626 would be written as 1 February 1626/7 in the New Style. For example, avus refers to grandfather, avia to grandmother, and avi is used to indicate grandparents. The word is cond with the d either normally written or with great flourish, i.e., curly toptail on the d. Marriage Ex: Elisabeth relicta cond Gregorij Ex: Catharina virgine filia cond Stephanus, Nobility record ex: Michael, filius cond Georgii ex Tarnok. Jas = James. The entry concludes trem. Did a person have heirs? Do you know it? <> "Ecclesiastical Abbreviations". List of Common Phrases used in Parish Records. It is used to avoid repeating the name of a male author (in citations, footnotes, bibliographies, etc.) used as example, "Name, o.c., date, volume, page" - I can only guess it means obtained conversion, but would like to know for sure. Jos = Joseph. 3. xU}Wq1Nv0tt1;dah!JCD$bVYv@j@]a7K0T2R+di{~wwG=9{s%K,Yd%K,Yd%K,Y m{hOv1\}^sq2H+7m,gm:Q(GNex]nAn/ts;[RBeR-@\43z;_% {_o"In/:[Rbb%$>w#um3p52? Latin Abbreviations 4. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Anno pto. I don't know what they mean. 106 views. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. You can find out more about Findmypast's Catholic records for the United States, England, Scotland, Ireland and beyond here. As I have so much trouble reading these Latin documents, and I have many more from Prizzi to try to decipher, it would be so helpful if you could also tell me what the word for 'single' is, and what the notations for 'deceased' and 'living' are so that I can, hopefully, recognize them on subsequent documents. CCC = Catechism of the Catholic Church. ;A-(?%,-!A;Mg/5s/E?N98wb#"[wpOG4/|{*0LUCK,Yd%K,Yd%K,Y;]soXk)O~qg>zW~D}'v7V>{A]V'^R/?. The birth date was assumed to be October(10th month), 28, 1874. Used in several related senses such as "in the sense of" or "in accordance with". A second class of abbreviations includes those used in the description of liturgical acts or the directions for their performance, e.g. the priest could not be moved without his approval. the Holy Mass, the Divine Office (Breviary), the ecclesiastical devotions, etc. The list of 1.4k Latin acronyms and abbreviations (February 2023): 50 Categories. Census - census. "having changed what needs to be changed", "once the necessary changes have been made", Used in many countries to acknowledge that a comparison being made requires certain obvious alterations, which are left unstated. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}Herbermann, Charles, ed. Instant (often abbreviated "inst."): This term refers to a recent occurrence in the present or current month.