In March, the pandemic forced the Army to cancel much of its Defender-Europe 2020 exercise, which would have sent thousands of soldiers and their equipment from the U.S. to Europe and was slated to be the largest Army exercise on the continent in more than two decades. Nathaniel Gayle/Army) The views expressed are their own. They also adopted a "Commitment to enhance resilience", agreeing to fulfil seven baseline requirements for national resilience, including: Assured continuity of government and critical government services, including the ability to make decisions, communicate and enforce them in a crisis; Resilient energy supply, including the diversification of import routes, suppliers and energy resources, and the interconnectivity of energy networks; Coping with the uncontrolled movement of large numbers of people; Although not all of these are being tested, Defender-Europe 20 is an excellent vehicle to develop the civil-military interface and to connect civil preparedness through resilience with the ability to provide effective and robust host nation support. The US army said that the Defender Europe 20 "demonstrates the US military's ability to deploy a large force to support NATO and respond to any crisis." © NATO. “Defender 2020” Military Exercises: US Aggression at the Russia-Belarus Border November 19, 2019 Ollie Richardson Comments 1 Comment A military contingent, comparable in size with a division of the United States Army, will be deployed across the Atlantic to Europe next spring to participate in “Defender Europe 2020” exercises and other operational-combat training activities. In this respect, we have to bear in mind that border-crossing arrangements need to support the rapid movement of forces of many different nations. Lt. Gen. Belgium. Army Times October 15, 2019: These Army units are going to Europe this spring for Defender 2020 – but they’re pretending it’s 2028. The large military exercise dubbed as the Defender Europe 2020 will be held in Europe next year. Nowadays, all Allies recognise the interdependence of the military and private sector. Będzie to największe od 25 lat europejskie ćwiczenie z udziałem amerykańskich jednostek bazujących na co dzień w ojczyźnie. Despite its adaptation, the exercise continues and is providing the United States, its Allies and NATO many valuable lessons on the movement of forces and equipment across the Atlantic and within Europe. NATO nations have undertaken a wide range of measures to accelerate the movement of their forces and equipment. An infantryman with 2nd Brigade Combat Team, 3rd Infantry Division guides vehicles at the port of Savannah, Ga., in preparation for DEFENDER-Europe 20 Feb. 11, 2020. They may not easily relate to the importance of military and civilian preparedness and the part that all aspects of society played in our collective efforts to maintain peace and security. The US Army is shipping 20,000 troops and their tanks to Europe in a major test of its ability to move bulk (relatively) quickly. Defender-Europe 20’s mission to train the ability to move large number of troops and equipment across the Atlantic and across Europe is important to the Alliance because it tests essential procedures and skillsets while demonstrating unified purpose. When considering the significance of Defender-Europe 20 to NATO, it is important for context to understand how we operated during the Cold War. Rue Grande Despite the need to adjust the scale of exercise activities, the time spent in planning and implementing it was invaluable. © US Army photo by Jason Johnston, A diver repairs a submarine internet cable. Cold War exercises, such as the REFORGER (Return of Forces to Germany) series, were designed to get a force into one country, with NATO being postured to defend a well-known location against a well-known adversary. As a result, enablement constitutes a credible deterrence tool. Diverse civilian and military actors have worked closely together to enable the unimpeded deployment of forces by air, sea, road and rail. Allies’ ability to move their forces rapidly will be decisive in determining NATO’s speed of response. The safety of our personnel is always paramount. US Soldiers conduct security rounds at Bremerhaven Port, Germany as part of exercise Defender-Europe 20, February 21, 2020. These troops will be the […] We will need to look carefully at what our response to COVID-19 says about our enabled environment. Back then, we were particularly good at rapidly moving large numbers of troops and their equipment. Enablement means Allies are able to maintain high levels of preparedness and to put in place the arrangements and infrastructure required to move units, as rapidly as possible, to wherever needed. This US-led multinational exercise is the biggest test of NATO Allies’ ability to support large-scale movement of forces across the Atlantic and mainland Europe in recent years. Another important objective of exercises like Defender-Europe 20 is to demonstrate that NATO can bring its extensive military capability to bear when and where required, while raising our citizens’ awareness of how important it is for their military forces to train at this scale to deter and defend against aggression. January 21, 2020 Army begins movement for Defender-Europe 20 exercise October 7, 2019 Army exercise largest in 25 years September 12, 2019 Army announces upcoming 2nd BCT, 1st … We continue to monitor any potential impacts to the health and readiness of NATO forces deployed on operations, exercises and missions and will react immediately when necessary. It demonstrates U.S. commitment to NATO and its resolve to stand by its European Allies and Partners. (Pfc. U.S. officials are significantly reducing the size and scope of the long-awaited Defender 2020 exercise intended to test the Army’s ability to move a division-sized force from U.S. seaports to European training grounds this spring. U.S. Army Europe and Africa trains and leads the U.S. Army Forces in the European and African theater in support of U.S. European Command, U.S. African Command and the Department of the Army. During the first phase of #DefenderEurope, 20,000 troops will deploy from the U.S. to Europe. Exercise DEFENDER-Europe 20 is a U.S.-led multinational exercise, including NATO's participation. The robust host nation support that reinforcing Allies are relying upon for this exercise, such as that provided by Belgium, Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands, is a model we can follow for the future. NATO member countries pool resources to charter special aircraft to transport troops, equipment and supplies across the globe. Despite its adaptation, the exercise continues and is providing the United States, its Allies and NATO many valuable lessons on the movement of forces and equipment across the Atlantic and … United States Army vehicles arrive in Europe for DEFENDER-Europe 20 MONS, Belgium – On Friday, February 21, 2020, the first of 13 thousand armoured vehicles, together with up to 20 thousand soldiers from the U.S. started to arrive in Bremerhaven, Germany to take part in exercise DEFENDER-Europe 20 this year. Gareth Thomas, Peter Williams and Yanitsa Dyakova work on Resilience, Enablement and Logistics in NATO’s Defence Policy and Planning Division. 7010 Mons Allies agreed to ensure that the necessary legislation, processes and procedures to facilitate rapid movement of personnel and equipment, including diplomatic clearances, are in place and fully implemented. Some Allied-led exercises have been cancelled as a precautionary measure. opinion, analysis and debate on security issues, U.S. European Command remains ready and responsive during the pandemic, VOSTOK 2018: Ten years of Russian strategic exercises and warfare preparation, Exercise Defender-Europe 20: enablement and resilience in action. It has been vitally informative across many military and civil support functions, and lessons we have identified and are learning from the movement of the forces that arrived in Europe as part of this exercise will feed into NATO’s ongoing enablement efforts. Od czwartku 23 stycznia oddziały US Army rozpoczną załadunek na statki w ramach przygotowań do ćwiczenia Defender Europe 2020. Image: US Army/Jason Johnston Home / Exercises / US to ‘reduce participation’ and adjust showcase Exercise Defender-Europe 20 over coronavirus concerns Getting the ground ready for such deployments means being prepared and flexible to be able to exercise the logistics effectively. Activities of this type allow our service men and women to train with a realistic and challenging scenario, and to practice their procedures and manoeuvres, which are integral to their readiness and interoperability. Defender Europe 20, which was to involve nearly 40,000 US and European troops in drills across Central and Eastern Europe in late spring, was cancelled in mid-March, about six … © Spri.eus. It demonstrates U.S. commitment to NATO and its resolve to stand by its European Allies and Partners. January 21, 2020 Army begins movement for Defender-Europe 20 exercise October 7, 2019 Army exercise largest in 25 years September 12, 2019 Army announces upcoming 2nd … Beyond what Defender 2020 tells US military planners about mobility and logistics, Heather Conley, director of the Europe Program at the Center for Strategic and International Studies told me … As Allied governments have realised the need to return to high-profile, large-scale military activities on their sovereign soil, exercises of the scale of Defender-Europe 20 should be viewed as normal for our citizens. Work is underway in a number of areas, including: Legislative measures and diplomatic clearances to enable rapid crossing of borders, on land, in the air, and at sea; Effective command, control and communication; A British Army convoy crosses the Øresund Bridge, which connects Denmark and Sweden, during a 2,000-km journey from the Hook of Holland to Norway for NATO exercise Trident Juncture 2018. US Army/Spc. In the past, the infrastructure that was important to the military – such as railways, ports, airfields, national energy grids and hospitals – was mainly state-owned and consequently could easily be made available to the military. A US Army reservist decontaminates vehicle at Sinton, Texas in preparation for DEFENDER-Europe 20, February 9, 2020. Allies’ resilience is an important dimension of Exercise Defender-Europe 20 and is why interoperability between armed forces and the civil sector is so important. Although Defender-Europe 20 was constrained due to precautionary measures to prevent the spread of the coronavirus, it has still provided Allies with a great opportunity to test their ability to receive and support large numbers of troops and equipment, including heavy armour (such as tanks, armoured personnel carriers and heavy military engineering equipment) and to move them through their territories. Furthermore, it calls for a coordinated whole-of-government approach, not only in a crisis but also in peacetime, to support training, exercises and for general preparedness and readiness to defend our combined territories. Throughout NATO’s history, Allies have devoted a lot of attention to civil preparedness, which is a requirement set out in Article 3 of NATO’s founding treaty. © Union of Concerned Scientists, German port facilities at Bremerhaven support the deployment of US forces during Exercise Defender-Europe 20. Despite the concerns over COVID-19, our service men and women are resilient and continue to carry out our Allied Command Operations (ACO) mission across all domains (air, sea, land, cyber, space) and participating in exercises. For example, the Belgian Army and Navy has provided security, refuelling facilities and driver rest accommodation in a Temporary Military Village built in the dock complex in the port of Antwerp. The Defender Europe-20 exercise had just begun garnering increased attention in Western media when it was cancelled due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, US Army Europe took a prudent decision to modify Exercise Defender-Europe 20 in size and scope to protect forces and local populations. SHAPE is focused on enhancing its exercise participation while we continue to monitor the situation and take all necessary measures to protect our people. Allies Show Commitment to NATO through Atlantic Resolve, Allied Spirit, Exercise DEFENDER-Europe 20 Announcement - COVID-19 implications, DEFENDER-Europe 20 - Health and Welfare are priority, SHAPE Demonstrating the ability to move Allied forces into and across Europe at speed, and sustain them, was an important part of the exercise. Exercise DEFENDER-Europe 20 continues with … U.S. officials are significantly reducing the size and scope of the long-awaited Defender 2020 exercise intended to test the Army’s ability to move a division-sized force from U.S. seaports to European training grounds this spring.. Between January and March 2020, US Army Europe deployed approximately 6,000 military personnel from the United States to Europe. For example, Allies are busy testing and improving tunnel access and bridge strengths for road convoys and rail movement. This will inform our thinking about the importance to the Alliance of, among other things, resilient supply chains, robust logistics, assured access to critical infrastructure and strengthened civil-military interaction. Exercise DEFENDER-Europe 20 continues with modifications with consideration for COVID-19 health and safety measures. 7010 Mons Lessons learned will further strengthen Allied readiness and resilience in a challenging security environment. Exercising the largest deployment in decades of US and Allied forces, Defender-Europe 20 is demonstrating the durability of the trans-Atlantic bond, but also incentivising NATO Allies to regenerate institutional knowledge, supported by robust logistic capacity. This best practice will also help Allies to prepare to receive and support NATO forces of larger scales. Military drill will take place in Germany, Poland, Georgia and the Baltic States. Massive military drill “Defender Europe 2020” starts in January. This requires a whole-of-government approach, including through national plans, with cross-government cooperation of civil and military actors, in peacetime, in crisis, and in conflict.”. NATO military medical staff remain vigilant. Defender-Europe 20 is the largest deployment of soldiers from the US to Europe in more than 25 years. It is clear that there can be no civil – or military – preparedness without effective cooperation with the private sector and that it is imperative for NATO and Allies to ensure the necessary arrangements are in place. Approximately 37,000 total service members will participate in Defender Europe 2020, including 20,000 U.S. troops and additional personnel from 18 other countries. In coordination with Allies and partners, US Army Europe also moved soldiers and equipment from multiple European ports and airports to training areas in Germany and Poland. Land force commanders from NATO and partner nations discuss the execution of DEFENDER-Europe 20 during a conference at US Army Europe headquarters in Wiesbaden, Germany, March 6, 2020. Image: US Army Reserve/Maj. Due to the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020, US Army Europe took a prudent decision to modify Exercise Defender-Europe 20 in size and scope to protect forces and local populations. The exercise included 20,000 soldiers who were meant to conduct Practice will never make response options perfect but events such as these go a long way to proving that we can do what we need to do in a timely way. It moved some 9,000 vehicles and pieces of equipment, many from prepositioned stock locations in Europe, and around 3,000 pieces of equipment across the Atlantic. This is a civil-military team effort and requires the cooperation of diverse actors across a range of fields, including the engagement of the commercial sector, which provides significant capacity, including lift capabilities and infrastructure. They are monitoring any potential impact for NATO troops in training or deployed on operations. The ongoing work to ensure Allies can support large-scale, rapid movement of troops and equipment is known in NATO-speak as the ‘Enablement of SACEUR’s (Supreme Allied Commander Europe) Area of Responsibility’. To give an idea, this is the third-largest military exercise in Europe since the Cold War. The exercise was aimed to demonstrate the US Army’s capability to deploy, move and sustain different operation areas, as well as redeploying back to the US. The US, with NATO, routinely conducts military exercises all over Europe, especially since the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014 — exercises Russia inevitably condemns as destabilizing. How long would it take for a European country to fold once power, water, telecoms, fuel, banking and supermarket distribution systems were comprehensively disrupted? Soldiers are exercising under the health and safety recommendations of the World Health Organization and the host nation rules. In the event of a crisis, initial elements of NATO’s high readiness forces are ready to deploy to support an Ally, within hours, with a reinforcement force following closely at their heels. But in the last decades, the ownership of state infrastructure began to shift steadily into the hands of the private sector, which therefore began to play a much more crucial role in crisis management. Exercise DEFENDER-Europe 20 is a U.S.-led multinational exercise, including NATO's participation. It is the largest deployment of U.S.-based forces to Europe in more than 25 years with 20,000 soldiers deployed directly from the U.S. to Europe. It is the largest deployment of U.S.-based forces to Europe in more than 25 years with 20,000 soldiers deployed directly from the U.S. to Europe. Whatever the long-term impact of the coronavirus, the Allies remain committed to improving their resilience through civil preparedness so that they are able to recover from strategic shocks and surprise, while maintaining the ability to continue to support NATO’s deterrence and defence posture. Likewise, deploying military forces relies heavily on civil resources, such as communications, energy, transport, food, water and medical resources. We must provide effective command and control to coordinate military deployments, while ensuring close coordination and cooperation with civil authorities, including law enforcement and emergency responders. Belgium, Public Affairs Office A total of 37,000 soldiers from 18 nations will participate in the exercise. The ability of Allies to resist an armed attack will be heavily dependent on the state of their civil infrastructure and the availability of civil resources. It is planned to gather 37,000 military personnel to take part in the exercise, including 20,000 US troops. DEFENDER-Europe 20 relies on the support of the entire Alliance and we will build a whole-of-Europe … Current estimates indicate that private companies transport around 90 per cent of NATO supplies and equipment and provide about 75 per cent of host nation support. The drills will be conducted in ten countries, but primarily in Germany and Poland, according to the press service of the United States European Command (EUCOM). So overall, despite the fact that it was modified as a result of COVID-19, the US-led exercise Defender-Europe 20 is strategically significant to NATO. But the clear message is: the Alliance is ready and able to project its forces. In many countries, younger generations are not familiar with events of this scale or the characteristics of ‘normal’ life in the shadow of the Cold War. The Army is scaling down its upcoming Defender-Europe 2020 exercise amid growing concerns about the spread of the COVID-19 virus.The March 11 announcement from the U.S. European Command is the latest in a series of actions being taken across the military to try and contain the spread of the virus. The requirement for a balance between organic military capabilities and contracted support has been prominent in recent large-scale, high-visibility Allied and NATO exercises, and will be an important area of practice going forward. Strong and resilient nations maintain the capacity to support themselves in a crisis and, in addition, support a high level of mobility of military personnel and equipment. Defense News.com Oct. 14, 2019: Fighting the bureaucracy: For NATO, the Defender 2020 exercise in Europe will test interoperability. The broader political and military impact of the pandemic will be the subject of significant study and various efforts to learn lessons are already underway. Creating the necessary conditions and providing the required support for an exercise like Defender-Europe 20 is clearly a much broader challenge and task than just military logistics, and goes well beyond just the military domain. The Army has since “figured out techniques,” described by Bernabe as a combination of testing, training bubbles and … © NATO, At the Brussels Summit in July 2018, Allies committed to “strengthening our ability to deploy and sustain our forces and their equipment, throughout the Alliance and beyond, and aim to improve military mobility by land, air, or sea, as soon as possible, but no later than 2024. The exercise included 20,000 soldiers who were meant to conduct training across 10 European countries. We must also ensure access to all necessary transport capabilities and infrastructure – including those in civilian and commercial hands – to enable unimpeded movement of forces by air, sea, road and rail. What is published in NATO Review does not necessarily represent the official position or policy of member governments, or of NATO. To prove that NATO’s strategy and concepts worked, and to maintain visibility, Allied forces regularly exercised reinforcement. United States Army Europe and Africa official homepage. Much was and is being learned, and there is always room to improve. The essence of flexibility is in the mind of the commander; the substance of flexibility is in logistics. © NATO, Most satellites serve multiple civilian, commercial or security functions. It is the first big test of Allies’ ability to support large-scale movement across the Atlantic and mainland Europe in recent years. In fact, COVID-19 demonstrated the vital role that our armed forces can play in support of civilian efforts in a health crisis, not just in a military one – from airlifting medical supplies and patients to setting up field hospitals and providing disinfection and decontamination teams. The national governments were responsible for maintaining such infrastructure, supported by sufficient civil resources. Defender 2020 was billed as the third-largest military exercise in Europe since the end of the Cold War, a major test of the United States’ ability to move stateside forces to locations across Europe, including Poland, the Baltics, some Nordic nations and Germany. NATO has continued with its operations within the constraints relating to COVID-19 and the health and safety of its personnel. DEFENDER-Europe 20 will send a clear and unmistakable signal that the United States is committed to NATO and the defense of the European homeland. Some 30 years after the last REFORGER, the new security environment is more unpredictable, and so our planning has had to become more flexible and immediately responsive. In particular, the exercise is demonstrating Allies’ ability to provide support across multiple ministries in a whole-of-government approach, and tested arrangements to work closely with the commercial sector. Brandon R. Mace Largest deployment from the US to Europe for more than 25 years They knew the exact locations of their deployment positions, which pre-positioned stocks and equipment were available, how their echeloned support systems would function, and what support their host nations would provide for them based on clear strategic, operational and tactical level arrangements. A total of 20,000 soldiers were expected to participate. In response to the complex and rapidly evolving security environment with challenges from the east and south of NATO’s borders, in Warsaw in 2016 Allied leaders pledged to strengthen resilience, reaffirming that civil preparedness is a national responsibility and acknowledging its relationship with reinforcement. Attn: Media Section Defender 2020 drew parallels to the Cold War-era REFORGER exercise in Europe, which simulated a NATO deployment to West Germany in the event of a conflict with the Soviet Union. In 1988, 125,000 personnel deployed across the Atlantic within ten days under “REFORGER” (Return of Forces to Germany), the US commitment to reinforce in-place forces rapidly and robustly should the need arise. It is not just a U.S. exercise.
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