Following cessation of activity around 400 years ago, eruptions re-centered on the eastern part of Kīlauea's summit, and concurrently activity increased at the northern end of the eastern rift zone. [37], The volcano was active again in 1868, 1877, 1884, 1885, 1894, and 1918,[23] before its next major eruption in 1918–1919. Vigorous eruptive lava fountains in lower Puna sent destructive rivers of molten rock into the ocean in three places. Lage des Kīlauea, schematischer Überblick mit Caldera und Riftzonen. One of the earliest and most important surveyors of Kīlauea was James Dwight Dana, who, staying with the missionary Titus Coan, studied the island's volcanoes in detail for decades first-hand. Estimated Age of First Eruption of Kīlauea. [23] It is unknown if the caldera was always there or if it is a relatively recent feature, and it is possible that it has come and gone throughout Kīlauea's eruptive history. Smithsonian Institution. A spatter cone had also formed around the western vent. In August 1959, a swarm of deep earthquakes was detected by the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory. [43] The eruption began on January 3, 1983, along the eastern rift zone. Measurements began one day after the start of the eruption on December 20, 2020 and are updated by geologists making observations from the field. [23] The bulk of Kīlauea consists of solidified lava flows, intermittent with scattered volcanic ash and tephra sourced from relatively lower-volume explosive eruptions. [27], Kīlauea has a large summit caldera, measuring 4 by 3.2 km (2.5 by 2.0 mi) with walls up to 120 m (400 ft) high, breached by lava flows on the southwestern side. [86] The Kīlauea coast also hosts three of the nine known critically endangered hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) nesting sites on the island. Hawaiians associated elements of their natural environment with particular deities. The other seventy-four eruptions have a VEI of 0. [29], Kīlauea has two rift zones radiating from its summit, one leading 125 km (78 mi) out to the east, the other 35 km (22 mi) long and trending towards the southwest. [33] Historical lava flows from the volcano are generally recovered by scientists in one of three ways. The eruption deposited the Keanakakoi Ash which surrounds the Kīlauea Caldera. These lavas exhibit forms characteristic of early, submerged preshield-stage eruptive episodes, from when the volcano was still a rising seamount that had not yet breached the ocean surface,[34] and their surface exposure is unusual, as in most other volcanoes such lavas would have since been buried by more recent flows. Dezember 2020 begann eine neue Eruption aus Spalten im Halemaʻumaʻu-Krater, durch die das Wasser verdampfte und sich ein neuer Lavasee bildet. Der jüngste Ausbruch des Kīlauea dauerte vom 3. [23] The next major eruption occurred in 1924. In Hawaiian mythology, the sky father Wākea marries the earth mother Papa, giving birth to the Hawaiian Islands. 8 korrespondierte dazu. It had the longest duration of any observed eruption at this volcano. Der Kīlauea mit seinen Nebenkratern ist Teil des Hawaiʻi-Volcanoes-Nationalparks auf Big Island und ist einer der am häufigsten von Touristen besuchten aktiven Vulkane. [46], As of the end of 2016, the east rift zone eruption had produced 4.4 km3 (1 cu mi) of lava, covered 144 km2 (56 sq mi) of land, added 179 ha (442 acres) of land to the island, destroyed 215 structures, and buried 14.3 km (9 mi) of highway under lava as thick as 35 m (115 ft). Zum Beispiel ereigneten sich vom 11. bis 27. [22] Much of the volcano is covered in historical flows, and 90 percent of its surface dates from the last 1,100 years. This activity eventually gave way to the construction of Mauna Iki, building up the large lava shield on the volcano's southwest rift zone over a period of eight months. Juni 2018 ein weiterer, zunächst nach Nordosten fließender Lavastrom nochmals die Hawaiʻi State Route 137 an der Kreuzung „Four Corners“ in der schon 1960 durch einen Lavastrom zerstörten und danach verlegten Ortschaft Kapoho und schnitt diese zunächst ab und begrub sie anschließend nahezu komplett, bis der Lavastrom am 4. However, this is uncertain, as there is plenty of underground water present at Kīlauea's summit, and yet, the volcano did not experience any explosive eruptions over the past century. Zudem wurde der Notstand ausgerufen. [19] Thus Kilauea is the second youngest volcano in the Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain, a chain of shield volcanoes and seamounts extending from Hawaii to the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench in Russia. Today, tourism is driven by the island's exotic tropical locations,[111] and Kīlauea, being one of the few volcanoes in the world in a more or less constant state of moderate eruption, was a major part of the island's tourist draw. Le contenu est disponible sous licence CC BY-SA 3.0 sauf mention contraire. [60][61] By June 4, with the lava having crossed through Kapoho and entered the ocean, the confirmed number of houses lost had reached 159. Kora 300 000 és 600 000 év közötti. This is a list of volcanic eruptions from Kīlauea, an active shield volcano in the Hawaiian … 100 000 éve emelkedett fel. On December 20, 2020, at 9:30 PM local time, an eruption broke out within Halemaʻumaʻu at Kīlauea's summit caldera. Durch den Dampfdruck wurde das darüber liegende Gestein weggesprengt. [89], Kīlauea's northern lowland wet-forest ecosystem is partially protected by the Puna Forest Reserve and the Kahauale`a Natural Area Reserve. Structurally, Kīlauea has a large, fairly recently formed caldera at its summit and two active rift zones, one extending 125 km (78 mi) east and the other 35 km (22 mi) west, as an active fault of unknown depth moving vertically an average of 2 to 20 mm (0.1 to 0.8 in) per year. The oldest expose… Lava on Kīlauea in 1969. [25] Its upper segment is the most presently active section of the volcano,[24][28] and is additionally the site of a number of large pit craters;[31] its lower extremity reaches down Kīlauea's submerged flank to a depth of more than 5,000 m (16,400 ft). Kilauea is a large lake of lava.The crater of Kilauea is named Pu'u'O'o. Imagen satelital en colores simulados del volcán Kilauea y parte del Mauna Loa en 2001. Recent activity has mostly shifted to Kīlauea's eastern rift zone, the site of 24 historical eruptions, located mostly on its upper section; by contrast, the volcano's southwestern rift zone has been relatively quiet, and has only been the site of five events to date. [85] The park hosts a large variety of bird species, including the 'apapane (Himatione sanguinea); the 'amakihi (Hemignathus virens); the 'i'iwi (Vestiaria coccinea); the ‘ōma’o (Myadestes obscurus), the ʻelepaio (Chasiempis sp. Eruptions, earthquakes, and a lower lava lake", "Kilauea volcano in Hawaii could erupt after hundreds of small earthquakes", "Ige signs emergency proclamation following Leilani lava eruption", "M 6.9 – 16km SW of Leilani Estates, Hawaii", "26 Leilani Estates homes destroyed by lava, county officials say", http://www.staradvertiser.com/2018/05/09/hawaii-news/new-vents-destroy-another-leilani-estates-home/, "Lava threatens a key escape route, forces evacuations", "Ongoing eruption claims at least 87 homes", "State pledges $12M for lava response as number of homes destroyed rises to 600", Hawaii County Civil Defense,"East Rift Zone Eruption – 6/18/18 6AM", "East Rift Zone Eruption: Mon, 6/25, 4PM – Update 2", "Volcano Watch: It's an extraordinary time on Kīlauea Volcano! [97] It is here that the conflict between Pele and the rain god Kamapuaʻa was centered; Halemaʻumaʻu, "House of the ʻamaʻumaʻu fern", derives its name from the struggle between the two gods. A Kīlauea egy ma is aktív pajzsvulkán a Hawaii-szigeteken, Hawaii szigetének déli partján. [9], Ab dem 3. [84], Much of Kīlauea's southern ecosystem lies within the Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, where a’e ferns, ʻōhiʻa trees (Metrosideros polymorpha), and hapu’u of the genus Cibotium are common. [22], The volcano's observed history has mostly been one of effusive eruptions; however, this is a relatively recent occurrence. At 27,785 acres (11,244 ha), Wao Kele in particular is Hawaiʻi's largest lowland wet forest reserve, and is home to rare plant species including hāpuʻu ferns (Cibotium spp. Category:Kīlauea 2015 eruptions. Mai 2018, Nachtaufnahme einer Spalteneruption in den Leilani Estates im Mai 2018. The first eruption of Kilauea is estimated as 300 to 600 thousand years ago. [9][10], On December 20, 2020, a new eruption broke out in Halemaʻumaʻu, with the lava boiling off a water lake that had been growing for more than a year and replacing it with a lava lake.[4]. A Hawaii forrópont második legaktívabb tagja, a Hawaii–Emperor fenékhegy-lánc jelenlegi kitörési központja. This was by far its longest-duration historical period of activity, as well as one of the longest-duration eruptions in the world; as of January 2011, the eruption had produced 3.5 km3 (1 cu mi) of lava and resurfaced 123.2 km2 (48 sq mi) of land. [72] Within a month, the water lake would be replaced by a lava lake during a new eruption. In: Venzke, E (ed. [101] Dana visited Kīlauea's summit and described it in detail in 1840. Tectonic extension along both rift zones is causing Kīlauea's bulk to slowly slide seaward off its southern flank at a rate of about 6 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in) per year, centered on a basal décollement fault 7 to 9 km (4 to 6 mi) beneath the volcano's surface. Exposed flows above sea level have proved far younger. [94] Early settlements had a major impact on the local ecosystem, and caused many extinctions, particularly amongst bird species, as well as introducing foreign plants and animals and increasing erosion rates. [23], After the Halemaʻumaʻu event, Kīlauea remained relatively quiet, and for a time, completely silent, with all activity confined to the summit. [66] This marked the beginning of a series of vigorous explosions that produced significant ash plumes from Halemaʻumaʻu. Advancing lava flows caused additional evacuation orders, including the town of Kapoho. ", "Scientists warn of possible new vent and lava flow at Kilauea volcano", "Volcano Watch: What a day! At least 1,200 years ago, lava from the Powers Caldera overtopped its rim and solidified the structure; this was followed by a period of very voluminous tube-fed pāhoehoe flows from the summit. Des fissures volcaniques s'ouvrent sur le rift Est, dans l'extrémité orientale de l'île d'Hawaï, entre 50 et 400 mètres d'altitude [1]. [15] Nach Verlagerung der Hauptaktivität auf die Spalte Nr. [36], Kīlauea erupted in 1823 and 1832, but the first major eruption since the 1790 event occurred in 1840, when its eastern rift zone became the site of a large, effusive Hawaiian eruption over 35 km (22 mi) of its length, unusually long even for a rift eruption.
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