A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue. Code 23-17-3; MS Const. 901, 906; 1 M.R.S.A. 1-45-103, 1-45-108.3, 1-45-111.5 1-45-117). Amend. Submission deadline of signatures: Sponsors must submit signatures no later than six months before the election and can only start collecting the day after the previous general election (V.A.M.S. List of the Pros of Referendums. Some definitions of 'referendum' suggest it is a type of vote to change the constitution or government of a country. General review of petition: Reviews done by attorney general and legislative services division (MCA 13-27-202). Seven states require filing an initial number of signatures or registering of sponsors as part of an application to fully circulate an initiative: Four states require a filing fee in statute: RCWA 29A.72.010; 43.07.120; 29A.72.020; 29A.72.040. Art. Code 16.1-01-10). 7-9-108). This deadline pertains to when counties must submit petitions with verified signatures to the secretary of state. II, 9, a law that is the subject of the referendum continues to be effective until the referendum is properly invoked, which occurs when the board of state canvassers makes its official declaration of the sufficiency of the referendum petition (MCL 168.477(2)). Chief petitioners must file a statement declaring whether circulators will be paid (ORS 250.045). Law 6-204). Prepared by the Financial Impact Estimating Conference. Withdrawal of petition: May be withdrawn by any of the people authorized to do so at the time of filing; withdrawal is made via a form prescribed by the secretary of state (NRS 295.026). Code 23-17-60). Art. The chief petitioners must notify the secretary of state that at least one person will be paid, and it will say this on the petitions. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Must file a statement of organization within 20 days of becoming a committee (Mo.Rev.Stat. 293.250). RCW 42.17A.205, 42.17A.235, 42.17A.250, 42.17A.260, 42.17A.265. Thirteen years since the Supreme Courts controversial Citizens United v. FEC decision, states continue to restrict corporate donations and dark money, and the laws continue to be challenged under the rulings precedent. 3, 50; V.A.M.S. (Const. 5, 1; A.C.A. Const. III, 4; Neb. V, 1(6) and C.R.S. Collected in-person: Yes (Elec. Proponents must file reports of payments made to signature gatherers (IC 67-6612). Other subject restrictions: Cannot require an expenditure of money unless a sufficient tax is provided (N.R.S. Legislature or other government official review: Office of Legislative Research and General Counsel prepares an impartial analysis of the measure, to be included in voter pamphlet. Various forms of I&R have existed in the United States since the 17th century, beginning in New . 3519.02; 3501.381). Code 107, 18680. Petition sheets also always include space for signatures. In Missouri, signature requirements are based entirely on congressional districts. 116.060). answer choices. Const. 8), South Dakota (SDCL 12-13-25.1; 12-13-26; 2-1-1-1; 2-1-1-2), South Dakota (SDCL 12-13-25.1; 12-13-26), Alaska: AS 15.13.040; 15.13.050; 15.13.065; 15.13.110, Arkansas: A.C.A. Fiscal review: If the measure will have an effect on revenue, expenditures or the fiscal liability of the state, the attorney general orders the budget director to prepare one (MCA 13-27-312). 116.050; 116.050). 3, 5). See Elec. CONST. Circulator oaths or affidavits: Yes (O.R.C. 2, Oregon: O.R.S. 353), What is on each petition: Fiscal impact statement, summary by secretary of state, name of circulator and statement on right of signer to read summary and fiscal statement before signing, and instructions from secretary of state (21-A MRSA 901, 903). 2, Sec. Subject restrictions: Acts making appropriations for the expense of the state government or a state institution existing at the time of the passage of such act are not subject to referendum (Const. Const. Const. Art. Art. Single subject rule: No statute. II, 1g and ORC 3501.38). Art. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The Boston Tea Party, Whisky Rebellion, and California's Proposition 13 were all popular rebellions that were related to _____., Eliminating tax increases may result in _____., Democracy in the United States derives its powers from _____. 3, 52(e) and Wyo. Circulator oaths or affidavits: Official sponsors must sign at least two-thirds of the petitions (DCL 2-1-1.2). Cannot have been found guilty of a criminal felony or a violation of election laws, fraud, forgery or identification theft, Cannot have been convicted of or pled guilty to crimes involving forgery. Other subject restrictions: Measure provisions cannot be dependent upon meeting certain vote %age. Legislature may hold public hearings and must hold a committee hearing once 25 percent of signatures are collected (Cal.Gov.Code 12172; 10243; 12172; Cal.Elec.Code 9007; 9034). Sponsors draft summary and submit to board of state canvassers for approval. 7-9-105). Majority to pass: Yes (M.C.L.A. 11 5, Idaho: I.C. Code 13-309). 5, 1). Seven years (or two-thirds vote prior to seven years), Two years (or two-thirds vote prior to two years). Art. Verification: County officials conduct raw count, and then a random sample is taken of 500 signatures or 3 % of each countys total for accuracy. Contributions of $1,000 or more must be reported within 48 hours after receipt (IC 67-6607). This committee is responsible for preparing the arguments for the measure and any rebuttal arguments in the information pamphlet (MCS 13-27-402). Paid per signature: Yes (CRS 1-40-135(2). 54 53). 2, 8), Conflicting measures: Measure receiving more affirmative votes is enacted (Cal.Const. which lies the initiative and referendum-the power of the people to make laws. Sponsor or group who receives contributions or spends over $500 for the passage or defeat of the referendum must file a statement of organization as a ballot question committee. Art. 2, 3). 1953 20A-7-203). Art. 2; Neb. Cannot start collecting more than two years before the election (ILCS Const. Const. II, 1b and 1g; O.R.C. Which election is a measure on: General election unless the legislature orders a special election (MT CONST Art. Petition title and summary creation: Secretary of state, official committee that filed and approved by attorney general (O.R.C. II, 9 and MCL 168.471). Payment on a per-signature basis prohibited. Does the law in question take effect before the referendum vote: No. Michigans constitution explicitly grants the legislature the power to amend laws approved by the people by referendum at any time (Const. The legislature has the option to enact, defeat or amend the measure. Recall, the device by which voters may remove public officials from office, also originates with the people. Const. Art. Code Ann. Code 9001). 2, 3; Amend. 74. Const. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Include but may not be limited to being covered by the states campaign finance laws, must follow reporting rules, and file statement of organization (RCWA 42.17A.005; 42.17A; 42.17A.205). 3519.05; 3501.38; OH Const. States may limit the subject matter of popular referenda. Art. Rev. And must be filed four months before election. 116.115). Does the law in question take effect before the referendum vote: An act referred to the people is in effect until suspended by petitions signed by at least 15% of the qualified electors in a majority of the legislative representative districts. Art. MT CONST Art. Who can sign the petition: Qualified voters (Const. Art. 3, 50; V.A.M.S. Signatures must be filed one year prior to the election. 2, 1). Application process information: A prospective petition must be filed with the secretary of state. Electronic reports of contributions and expenditures must be filed according to a specified schedule. Constitution 48, Init., Pt. What is on each petition: Must follow form per statute, include full text of the measure, follow paper requirements, and printing instructions and internet posting requirements (MCA 13-27-201; 13-27-202; 13-27-204; 13-27-207). At general elections except when a special election is ordered by the legislature, and must be filed at least six months before the election it is to be voted on. Art. Art. 15, 273). Petition title and summary creation: Attorney general (Elec. Ballot measure committees must also provide an initial disclosure report 15 days after the committee begins raising or spending money, with subsequent quarterly reports until the pre-election report is due. Const. Repeal or change restrictions: No act, law or bill approved by a majority of the electors voting thereon shall be amended or repealed by the legislature within a period of two years following such enactment unless by a vote of two-thirds of all the members elected to each house. To do this, petitions have to be signed by a certain portion of the electorate, or voters. 2). (Const. Const. Repeal or change restrictions: Laws approved by the people under the referendum provision of this section may be amended by the legislature at any subsequent session thereof (Const. 4, 1, Pt. Steps for an Initiative to become Law Write the text of the proposed law (initiative draft). Const. 3, 18). IV, pt. Number of signatures required: For constitutional amendments, 10 % of the votes cast for governor in the last election. 4, 1, Pt. Art. Art. Groups must file reports detailing contributions received in excess of $100 in the aggregate and all contributions and expenditures made by the group (AS 15.13.040(b)). 5, 2; M.G.L.A. XVI, 5(b)). Art. Public review or notice: Newspaper publication, and the public has 10 days to file a protest as to the constitutionality of the measure (34 Okl.St.Ann. Art. For amendments, 10% of total qualified electors of the state. 3503.06). 2, 8), Maine (M.R.S.A. This is in contrast to an issue being voted on by a representative.This may result in the adoption of a new policy or specific law, or the referendum may be only advisory.In some countries, it is synonymous with and also known as plebiscite, votation, popular consultation . Background. Art. 11 5). Submission deadline for signatures: No later than six months after the adjournment of the legislature which passed the act (Const. 1953 20A-7-207; 20A-7-209; 20A-6-107. 19, 3; N.R.S. Statutes for petition contents for each state: Every state includes requirements for circulators operating in the state. Art. 48, Pt. Repeal or change restrictions: No veto and only a majority of voters to overturn amendments, not 55 % (C.R.S.A. First 10 signatures must be turned in by the first Wednesday of the September before the assembling of the general court . A report is also due no later than the 15th day after the deadline for filing the referendum petition. The legislature shall not have the power to repeal a referendum measure passed by a majority of the voters. Ballot title and summary: Ohio ballot board. Which election: Next general election (Const. Const. 1(6C) and (6D)). The requirements for an election with statewide ballot measures vary greatly by state. 12, 2). Number of signatures required: 5% of the whole number of votes cast for governor in the last election. Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Const. Circulator requirements: Must be age 18 or older, registered with secretary of state and signed affidavit (A.R.S. Geographic distribution: None, but petition sheets are organized by county (A.R.S. Legislator proposes a law, voters vote on it. For statutory initiatives, 2% of residential population according to the last federal decennial census. Art. Subject restrictions: The referendum shall not be applied to dedications of revenue, appropriations, local or special legislation, or to laws necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety (Const. 250.125; 250.067; 250.127). Director of elections, with approval of the state board of canvassers, drafts a statement of purpose of not more than 100 words for the ballot. Timeline for collecting signatures: If the petitions were filed at least 165 days before the election and the signatures are deemed insufficient, they may collect more (O.R.S. Proponent organization and requirements: Sponsor must file an affidavit that s/he is a registered voter (RCW 29A.72.010). States with direct initiatives (19): Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, States with indirect initiatives (10): Alaska, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Nevada, Ohio, Utah, Washington, Wyoming. Art. 48, Pt. Where to file with: Secretary of state (OK Const. 5, 1). Massachusetts: Proponents may alter the measure in small ways after legislature reviews it. A warning to signers is required (CRS 1-40-110). Paid per signature: Yes, "No law shall be passed to prohibit any person or persons from giving or receiving compensation for circulating petitions." Where to file: Secretary of state (Const. 19, 2). Which election is a measure on: A referred measure may be voted upon at a statewide election or at a special election called by the governor (NDCC Const. Art. 295.009; 294A.150; 294A.220, North Dakota: NDCC, 16.1-08.1-02.4; 16.1-08.1-03.1; 16.1-08.1-03.2, Ohio: O.R.C. Art. 19-125), Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: No statute, Conflicting measures: The measure that receives the greatest number of affirmative votes (A.R.S. Art. Idaho: Within 20 days after initial petition filing, attorney general reviews and recommends revisions in an advisory capacity. Code 9030). 5, 1). Petitions must be submitted either before 5 p.m. 30 days after the first individual signs the petition or 40 days after the legislative session ends, whichever is earlier. Code 9014). Where to file: secretary of state (Const. Must include the signatures of at least 1,000 electors and not more than 2,000. 2, 1). 21-A M.R.S.A. Secretary of state must establish by rule and collect filing fees (RCW 43.07.120). Proponent organization and requirements: Original filing includes the names and street addresses of every person, corporation or association sponsoring the petition (NRS 32-1405). Which election: Next statewide or general election, whichever comes first, that is not less than 60 days after the petition is submitted (Const. 54, 22A). Withdrawal process of individual signature: Any person who alleges they signed as a result of fraud, coercion, or being intentional misleading as to the substance or effect of the petition, may withdraw their signature by filing an affidavit with the secretary of state any time before the secretary of state has accepted and filed the petition (Miss. Timeline for collecting signatures: Ninety days from the date marking the beginning circulation, as set by the secretary of state after public posting and chance for protest (34 Okl.St.Ann. 293.252). Proponent organization and requirements: Application must contain the names and addresses of at least five sponsors, certification that each sponsor is a registered voter in Utah and has voted in a regular general election in the last three years, the notarized signature of each sponsor and a copy of the law (Utah Code 20A-7-302). 14, 3). Petition title and summary creation: Attorney general (ORS 250.065(4)). General review of petition: The secretary of state reviews and if the office deems it insufficient, the committee of petitioners has 20 days to correct it (NDCC Const. Every state includes requirements for the circulators operating in the state. Which election is a measure on: The next statewide election unless the legislature or governor convenes a special election for it or the governor designates a vote at the primary election (OK Const. Reports of contributions and expenditures are due by the 15th of every April and October. Florida. Records must be kept of contributions and expenditures. 168.544c). 250.045). 5, 11; Art. Art. Colorado and Florida require a supermajority to pass a constitutional amendment: 55 percent of voters in Colorado (C.R.S.A. 2, 19; Amalgamated Transit Union Local 597 v. State of Washington, 11 P.3d 762, 2000), Other subject restrictions: None (RCWA Const. Two-thirds vote (or majority after two years). And attorney general reviews legality (MCA 13-27-202; 13-27-312; 13-27-402). M.G.L.A. IV, pt. 14, 3), Timeline for taking effect: Within 20 days after the election (5 ILCS 20/7), Repeal or change restrictions: Must go through full constitutional amendment process (ILCS Const. 23-17-60). 295.009; 294A.150; 294A.220). 54 53). Art. Seventeen states have a statute in place noting that if two or more conflicting measures are on the same ballot, the measure receiving the most votes passes. Number of signatures required: 4% of the votes cast for all candidates for governor at the last election (Const. 32-1411. Who creates petitions: Sponsors (IC 34-1805). Repeal or change restrictions: Governor may not veto. Art. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Include but are not limited to regular reports filed with Ethics Commission, deadlines for filing, dollar amounts to report, dollar limits on contribution amounts, and no donations from PACs or anonymous contributors (A.C.A. 3, 17(2)). Art. 5, 3), Timeline for taking effect: When approved by a majority of votes (OK Const. Timeline for collecting signatures: Unlimited, but if number of filed signatures is deemed insufficient, sponsors have 30 days to collect more (A.C.A. 3, 3; NRS 32-1402 and -1403, Nevada: Const. 19-102), Who creates petitions: Secretary of state (A.R.S. 5, 1). Art. In election years, instead of biannual reports, reports are due no later than the second Monday in April, May, September and October, and no later than the Thursday before an election. Timeline for taking effect: The first day of July after the completion of the official canvass (SDCL 2-1-12). Art. Art. Timeline for collecting signatures: Have 180 days (M.C.L.A. Art. Art. Timeline for collecting signatures: Not more than 24 months (A.R.S. 15, 273; Miss. For amendments, 10% of total votes cast for governor. Allowed to pay another for their signature: May not use "any fraudulent means, method, trick, device or artifice to obtain signatures on a petition" (A.R.S. The criteria for these requirements vary wildly. Art. Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (MCL 168.482 and .544c). Petition title and summary creation: Written by sponsors, approved by attorney general (Const. No filing fee is specified (Mo.Rev.Stat. 22-24-407). Eight% of votes cast for the office of governor at last regular gubernatorial election prior to submission of the signatures for verification. We hope you and your family enjoy the NEW Britannica Kids. Art. General review of petition: After the hearings the proponents and Governor's Office of Management and Budget may revise (U.C.A. Petition title and summary creation: Proponents draft (NRS 32-1405). 168.471; 168.472). Art. Prov., Pt. Const. There are two kinds of referenda: obligatory and optional. Art. Oklahoma: Secretary of state reviews and processes the petition, along with the attorney general and the supreme court. The details for those states are below: Five states limit the legislatures ability to amend or repeal a law after it has been approved by voters. 1953 20A-7-702; 20A-7-204.1; 20A-7-701-706). Timeline for taking effect: 30 days after the election (Const. From official summary date by attorney general, 180 days to collect and must be filed at least 131 days prior to the next general election the measure is to be voted on. Prov., 3). Art. Repeal or change restrictions: No veto from governor, and legislature may pass statutes normally (V.A.M.S. *While the Colorado residency requirement for circulators was struck down in Independence Institute v. Gessler, the court upheld the requirement that a circulator present to the notary a specific type of identification. Const. Art. Public review or notice: Public may comment for 15 days on petition once it is approved for circulation, and may attend hearing held by joint committee on legislative research, with comments from that meeting made public, and newspaper publication (V.A.M.S. Some states place restrictions on how sponsors may pay petition circulators. IV, pt. Must report name and address of donors of $50 or more. 1953 20A-7-205). Other subject restrictions: Amendments that propose a tax or fee not in place in November 1994 require a two-thirds vote to pass (F.S.A. Stat. Paying per signature was held unconstitutional (Miss. May also post in newspaper (21-A M.R.S.A. Which election: Next general election (Const. Subject restrictions: Referendum shall not apply to dedications of revenue, to appropriations, to local or special legislation or to laws necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety (Const. 6, 22), Washington (RCWA Const. Proponent organization and requirements: Sponsors must designate a committee of three to five people who shall represent them in all matters related to the petition (ORC 3519.02). Const. Art. 106.191). 21-A M.R.S.A. Legislature may hold public hearings and must hold a committee hearing once 25 % of signatures are collected (Cal.Gov.Code 10243, 12172; Cal.Elec.Code 9007, 9034). Withdrawal of petition: May remove no later than 120 days prior to the next general election (SDCL 2-1-2.3). LXXIV, 2 and MGL ch. 12, 2). The ballot initiative process gives California citizens a way to propose laws and constitutional amendments without the support of the Governor or the Legislature. Geographic distribution: Yes, signed by qualified voters equal in number to 15% of those resident in at least two-thirds of the counties of the state, as determined by those who voted in the preceding general election in that county (Const. Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (NMSA 1-17-5 and -6). What is on each petition: Must follow prescribed form and include the provisions for identification of the measure, space for the printed name, space for the signature, address of the committee member, notarization of the signature and affidavit (NDCC, 16.1-01-07; 16.1-01-09). For direct measures, four months from the election (RCWA 29A.72.030). 1953 20A-1-201; 20A-1-203; 20A-6-106; 20A-7-206. Legislature or other government official review: Legislature reviews the indirect statutory initiatives. Proponents of an initiative, referendum, or recall effort must apply for an official petition serial number from the Town Clerk. Prepared jointly by the secretary of state and attorney general, Const. Where to file with: Attorney general (O.R.C. 32-1405.01). Where to file: Secretary of state (21-A MRS 901). Cal.Elec.Code 9005; Cal.Gov.Code 12172. Circulator requirements: Must just be at least 18 years old (N.R.S. 22-24-411). Art. 4, 1, Pt. IV, 1). In all other cases, an act that is subject to the referendum remains in effect until it is rejected at an election (MCA 13-27-105(3)). Fiscal review: The chief legislative budget officer prepares a fiscal analysis, the summary of which will appear on the ballot (MS Const. Art. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Committees in support or opposition to a ballot measure are treated the same as political action committees. Withdrawal of petition: Any person who submits a sample sheet to or files an initiative petition with the secretary of state may withdraw the petition upon written notice to the secretary of state. LXXXI, 4). 168.472). Select a State with Popular Referenda to Learn More. Art. ai thinker esp32 cam datasheet Rev. The sponsor may file a written notice to withdraw the initiative with the secretary of state. Petition title and summary creation: The title of the bill being referred is included on the petition (34 OS 1). Petition title and summary creation: Sponsors draft title (ARS 19-101(A)). Prov., 3. 11 906(6)(B)). U.C.A. Art. Number of signatures required: For indirect initiatives submitted to the legislature, 5 % of all votes cast for all candidates for U.S. president at the last general election.