However, the scapula is integral to the movement of the shoulder via the rotator cuffand additional muscles. It is innervated by the radial nerve. This website helped me pass! 2009. Action: Adducts thigh, Origin: iliac crest, anterior iliac surface Insertion: iliotibial band of fasciae latae Action: Flexes, abducts, and medially rotates thigh, Origin: Outer iliac blade, iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial band of fasciae latae Action: Extends and laterally rotates thigh, braces knee, Origin: Outer iliac blade Insertion: Greater trochanter of femur Action: Abducts and medially rotates thigh, Origin: Pubis, ischium Insertion: Gluteal tuberosity, linea aspera, adductor tubercle of distal femur Action: Adducts, flexes, extends and laterally rotates thigh, Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine Insertion: Proximal, medial tibia Action: Flexes and laterally rotates thigh, flexes leg, Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine, margin of acetabulum Insertion: Tibial tuberosity by patellar tendon Action: Flexes thigh, extends leg, Origin: Greater trochanter of femur, linea aspera of femur Insertion: Tibial tuberosity by patellar tendon Action: Extends Leg, Origin: Linea aspera, medial side Insertion: Tibial tuberosity by patellar tendon Action: Extends Leg, Origin: Proximal, anterior femur Insertion: Tibial tuberosity by patellar tendon Action: Extends Leg, Origin: (long head) Ischial tuberosity, (short head) linea aspera Read more. Although the tongue is obviously important for tasting food, it is also necessary for mastication, deglutition (swallowing), and speech (Figure 11.4.5 and Figure 11.4.6). Conversely, you can say the elbow is proximal to the wrist. The palatoglossus originates on the soft palate to elevate the back of the tongue, and the hyoglossus originates on the hyoid bone to move the tongue downward and flatten it. It is caused by damage to the extensor tendon complex as it inserts onto the distal phalanx of any of the digits. They arise from the metacarpal bones and insert into the extensor hoods of each finger. It is best studied broken down into its components: regions, joints, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. The Tissue Level of Organization, Chapter 6. It acts to extend the pinky as well as the wrist. The clavicular head arises from the medial two thirds of the inferior surface of the clavicle. Working together enhances a particular movement. Definition. This complete MBLEx prep course covers all sections of the FSMTB Massage & Bodywork Licensing Exam, and includes full MBLEx practice tests and quizzes. Due to its course it has a "serrated" or "saw-toothed" appearance. This is a bony deformity of the finger or toes associated with rheumatoid arthritis and trauma to the end of the extended finger. The patient will present with tenderness within the anatomical snuffbox. It is innervated by the medial and lateral pectoral nerves. SITS; TISS; Mnemonic. Naming Skeletal Muscles | How are Muscles Named? Origin: Clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula Insertion: Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus Action: Abducts arm; flexes, extends, medially, and laterally rotates arm. It can be difficult to learn the names and locations of the major muscles. Muscles that move the eyeballs are extrinsic, meaning they originate outside of the eye and insert onto it. The insertion is usually distal,. The brachialis originates on the humerus, and it inserts on the front of the ulna. Its supinating effect are maximal when the elbow is flexed. They also contribute to deep inhalation. Finally, a reliable source (and good looking too!). Like how the sartorious muscle is the only . The movements would be used in bowling or swing your arms while walking. Why are the muscles of the face different from typical skeletal muscle? Pectoralis major muscle :This is a superficial, large, fan shaped muscle that makes up the bulk of the pectoral (chest) region. Last reviewed: November 03, 2021 Injection Gone Wrong: Can You Spot The Mistakes? We will also discuss the clinical relevance of the upper limb. Get instant access to this gallery, plus: Introduction to the musculoskeletal system, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the abdomen, Nerves, vessels and lymphatics of the pelvis, Infratemporal region and pterygopalatine fossa, Meninges, ventricular system and subarachnoid space, Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, Pectoralis major, Pectoralis minor, Deltoid, Latissimus dorsi, Supinator, Extensor digitorum, Extensor carpi ulnaris, Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis, Extensor indicis proprius, Extensor digiti minimi, Brachioradialis, Thenar eminence, Hypothenar eminence, Interossei, Lumbricals, Inferior angle and lower part of the lateral border of the scapula, Intertubercular sulcus (medial lip) of the humerus, Adduction and medial rotation of the humerus (arm), Lateral border of the scapula (middle part), Greater tubercle of the humerus (inferior facet), Lateral rotation of the arm, stabilization of the humerus as part of the rotator cuff muscles, Greater tubercle of the humerus (middle facet), Greater tubercle of the humerus (superior facet), Assistance in arm abduction,stabilization of the humerus as part of the rotator cuff muscles, Medial rotation of the arm,stabilization of the humerus as part of the rotator cuff muscles, Transverse process of the atlas and axis, posterior tubercles C3 and C4, Posterior surface of the medial scapular border (from the superior angle to the root of the spine of the scapula), Anterior rami of the nerves C3 and C4, dorsal scapular nerve (branch of the C5), Superior nuchal line, external occipital protruberance, nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7 to T12 vertebrae, Lateral third of the clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula, Spinal accessory nerve; C3 and C4 spinal nerves, Elevation, depression, and retraction of the scapula, Medial half of the clavicle (clavicular head); anterior surface of the sternum, 1st to 6th costal cartilages, aponeurosis of, Adduction and medial rotation of the humerus, Anterior surface of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs and the fascia overlying the intercostal spaces, Medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula, Protraction of the scapula, pulls the coracoid process anteriorly and inferiorly, accessory muscle in respiratory, Lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula, Abduction and stabilization of the shoulder joint, Spinous processes of T7-L5 and sacrum, iliac crest, X-XII ribs, Distal half of the anterior side of the humerus and intermuscular septa, Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint, Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint, supinator of the forearm, accessory flexor of the arm at the glenohumeral joint, Anterior surface of the ulna (distal quarter), Anterior surface of the radius (distal quarter), Forearm pronationand binding of the radius and ulna, Anterior surface of the radius and interosseous membrane, Proximal parts of the anterior and lateral surfaces of the ulna and interosseous membrane, Bases of the phalanges of the 4th and 5th digits (medial part), bases of the phalanges of the 2nd and 3rd digits (lateral part), Ulnar nerve (medial part), anterior interosseous nerve (lateral part), Flexion of the distal phalanges at the interphalangeal joints of the 4th and 5th digits (medial part) and of the 2nd and 3rd digits (lateral part), Medial epicondyle of the humerus and coronoid process of the ulna (humero-ulnar head) and superior half of anterior border (ulnar head), Shafts of middle phalanges of medial four digits, Flexion of middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints and flexion of the proximal phalanges at the metacarpophalangeal joints of the middle four digits, Medial epicondyle of the humerus (common flexor tendon), Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis, Medial epicondyle of the humerus (humeral head), coronoid process of the ulna (ulnar head), Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, crest of the ulna, supinator fossa, radial collateral and anular ligaments, Surface of the proximal third of the radial shaft, Posterior surfaces of the middle and distal phalanges (2nd-5th), Posterior interosseus nerve (branch of the radial nerve), Extension of the index, middle, ring and little fingers, Lateral epicondyle of the humerus, posterior border of the ulna, Medial side of the base of the metacarpal V, Posterior side of the distal third of the ulnar shaft; interosseous membrane, Proximal two-thirds of the supra-epicondylar ridge of the humerus, Lateral surface of the distal end of the radius, Forearm flexion, especially during mid-pronation, Flexor retinaculum and tubercle of trapezium and scaphoid bones, Thumb flexion, abduction, and medial rotation resulting in a combined movement called opposition, Abduction of the 5th digit and flexion assistance of the proximal phalanx, Base of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit, Flexion of the proximal phalanx of the 5th digit, Sides of two adjacent metacarpals (dorsal interossei) and palmar surfaces of the 2nd, 4th, 5th metacarpals (palmar interossei), Bases of the proximal phalanges via the extensor expansions of the 2nd to 4th digits (dorsal interossei) and 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits (palmar interossei), Abduction of the 2nd to 4th digits (dorsal interossei), adduction of the 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits (palmar interossei), assisting the lumbricals in extension, Tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus, Lateral expansions of the 2nd to 5th digits, Flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints and extension of the interphalangeal joints of the 2nd to 4th digits. L: lateral two lumbricals. Both these muscles are known as the punching muscles as they contribute to radial deviation of the wrist, which is essential for boxers. Remaining 0 Correct 0 Wrong 0 Press play! Dimitrios Mytilinaios MD, PhD The iliocostalis group includes the iliocostalis cervicis, the iliocostalis thoracis, and the iliocostalis lumborum. The masseter muscle is the prime movermuscle for chewing because it elevates the mandible (lower jaw) to close the mouth, and it is assisted by the temporalis muscle, which retracts the mandible. MUSCLE NAME ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION NOTES MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR AND LATERAL ABDOMINAL WALL Rectus abdominis External oblique Internal oblique Transversus abdominis Internal surfaces of costal cartilages of ribs 7-12 . As a result it acts as a flexor, extensor, and abductor of the shoulder. The genioglossus (genio = chin) originates on the mandible and allows the tongue to move downward and forward. Its supinating effect are maximal when the elbow is extended. Click the card to flip . It blends into the thoracolumbar fascia, which acts to stabilize the sacroiliac joints along with the gluteus maximus muscles. Take a look at the following two mnemonics! 2023 Origin: Flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) Insertion: Extensor hood on radial side (lateral bands) Function: Flex MCP joint and extend PIP joint Innervation. This is the reason the muscle is well developed in boxers who protract their scapula in the terminal phases of their punches in order to maximize reach. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Agonist Muscle Contraction & Examples | What Are Agonist Muscles? insertion: top of scapula To easily remember the three origins of the deltoid, use the mnemonic provided below. We will use examples to describe how the origin and insertion affect the action of a skeletal muscle. It also acts as an extensor of the wrist and radial deviator. Find it on your own body if you can. It inserts onto the radial aspect of the 1st metacarpal. Teres Major. Diaphragm *Note the distinction between internal and innermost intercostal. Skeletal Muscles (Comments, Origin, Insertion, Action, Nerve) by melissa1780d, Mar. The longus is innervated by the radial nerve and the brevis by the posterior interosseous branch. In this article we will discuss the gross (structure) and functional anatomy (movement) of the muscles of the upper limb. This muscle also modulates the movement of the deltoid like the other rotator cuff muscles. Take advantage of the following mnemonic to make your life a little easier! It lays directly superficial to the flexor digitorum superficialis. It is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve, a branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus. This deep muscle arises from the coracoid process of the scapula and inserts onto the medial surface of the humeral diaphysis (shaft). Learning anatomy is a massive undertaking, and we're here to help you pass with flying colours. During that particular movement, individual muscles will play different roles depending on their origin and insertion. Our opposable thumb is essential to our advancement as a species. Phew. It acts as an adductor, medial rotator, and flexor of the arm at the shoulder joint. Those in the same compartment will have the same action. The muscle arises from costals (ribs) 1 - 8, sometimes terminating origins at costal 9. Axial muscles originate on the axial skeleton (the bones in the head, neck, and core of the body), whereas appendicular muscles originate on the bones that make up the bodys limbs. The back muscles stabilize and move the vertebral column, and are grouped according to the lengths and direction of the fascicles. Hypothenar eminence:It consists of the flexor digiti minimi brevis, the abductor digiti minimi brevis, and the opponens digiti minimi. The erector spinae comprises the iliocostalis (laterally placed) group, the longissimus (intermediately placed) group, and the spinalis (medially placed) group. The occipitofrontalis muscle elevates the scalp and eyebrows. The first describes action in terms of the bone to which the muscle is attached or the appendage that is moved. Muscle contraction results in different types of movement. All content published on Kenhub is reviewed by medical and anatomy experts. Finally, the scalenes include the anterior scalene, middle scalene, and posterior scalene. All rights reserved. An easy way to remember this little fact is to keep in mind the following mnemonic. It inserts onto the crest of greater tubercle of the humerus. Tongue muscles are both extrinsic and intrinsic. There are numerous muscles in this compartment. The medial head is supplied by the ulnar nerve, and the lateral head by the anterior interosseous branch. The nerve supply arises from the suprascapular nerve (upper and lower), which arises from the unification of the anterior rami of spinal nerves C5 and C6(C = cervical). The upper limb(upper extremity) is truly a complex part of human anatomy. These insert into the 2nd - 5th proximal phalanges. The lower subscapular nerve innervates the muscle and it is a branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Differentiate between origin and insertion, as well as proximal and distal, Explain how agonists, antagonists and synergists work together to control muscle movement. It also flexes the MP and wrist joints, although these are its secondary functions. It controls extension, lateral flexion, and rotation of the vertebral column, and maintains the lumbar curve. Some of the axial muscles may seem to blur the boundaries because they cross over to the appendicular skeleton. The Chemical Level of Organization, Chapter 3. It allows for powerful elbow extension (such as doing a pushup). The physicians originally studying human anatomy thought the skull looked like an apple. Therefore, when they contract, the origin pulls the insertion and connected bone closer . Brachialis muscle:This is the deep primary flexor of the elbow and arises from the lower part of the anterior surface of the humerus. remember this mnemonic: Aortic hiatus=12 letters =T12 Esophageal =10 letters= T10 Vena cava = 8 letters = T8 The semispinalis muscles include the semispinalis capitis, the semispinalis cervicis, and the semispinalis thoracis. The lower fibersare responsible forelevation and depression. The anterior muscles - such as the quadriceps femoris, iliopsoas, and sartorius, work as a group to flex the thigh at the hip and extend the leg at the knee. It is innervated by the deep branch of the radial nerve. Read more. You'll find this conveniently illustrated on the cheat sheets. All our four muscle chart ebooks are also available with the Latin terminology. The hand is truly the epitome of anatomical complexity. Kinesiological Analysis: Description & Major Components, Massage Therapy Scope of Practice | Overview, Purpose & Manipulation. When the whole muscle acts as a unit it acts as a medial rotator and adductor the arm at the shoulder. the iliopsoas or inner hip muscles: Psoas major. | 15 An Introduction to the Human Body, Chapter 2. It divides and allows the tendon of flexor digitorum profundus to pass through at Campers chiasm (tendon split). Palmaris longus muscle: This muscle can be absent in some of the population. and grab your free ultimate anatomy study guide! The latissimus dorsi is a large back muscle responsible for the bulk of adduction of the arm (pulling the arm to the sides of . A rotator cuff tear presents with general pain with overhead activities and may present with night pain. Agonists and antagonists are always functional opposites. Register now Adjacent muscles which serve similar functions are often innervated by the same nerve. It acts as an adductor (to add to the body), assists in extension and medial rotation, as well as stabilization of the scapula. The third group, the spinalis group, comprises the spinalis capitis (head region), the spinalis cervicis (cervical region), and the spinalis thoracis (thoracic region). The long head arises from the infraglenoid tubercle and consists of mainly type 2b fibers. You can feel the temporalis move by putting your fingers to your temple as you chew. The shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) is an inherently unstable joint, and thus requires a significant degree of muscular support in the form of the rotator cuff. These muscles bring together the spinous and transverse processes of each consecutive vertebra. They both arise from the medial epicondyle, with the radialis inserting onto the base of the 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, and the ulnaris into the pisiform, hook of hamate and base of the 5th metacarpal. Its innervation is from the upper suprascapular nerve. Origin: Ischial Tuberosity It arises from the spinous processes of the T7-L5 (L = Lumbar) vertebrae, costals 8-12, inferior angle of the scapula, and iliac crest. Iliacus muscle. Origin: It may seem strange that it is included in the anatomy of the upper limb. The transversospinales muscles run from the transverse processes to the spinous processes of the vertebrae. It has numerous muscles and has a complex range of movements. It commonly occurs following a fall onto an outstretched hand (FOSH). However, the anatomist knows that the arm or the brachium is purely the region between the shoulder joint and elbow. Registered Nurse, Free Care Plans, Free NCLEX Review, Nurse Salary, and much more. Molly Smith DipCNM, mBANT Franchesca Druggan BA, MSc Supinator muscle:It is a small muscle that arises from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus, the supinator crest of the ulna, as well as the annular and radial collateral ligaments that support the radius against the ulna. Tap the Skeletal System Icon, and press the Plus button until you come to the Origin and Insertion layer (the fourth layers of the system). EKG Rhythms | ECG Heart Rhythms Explained - Comprehensive NCLEX Review, Simple Anatomy Quiz Most Nurses Get WRONG! flashcard sets. Action: Extends thigh, flexes leg, Wider than semmitendonosis The dorsal interossei cause abduction of the fingers and the palmar interossei cause adduction of the fingers. Rhomboid major muscle:This is a ribbon like rhomboid shaped muscle that arises from the spinous processes of the T2-T5 (T = thoracic) vertebraeand inserts onto the medial border of the scapula. 1. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. This compartment is posterior in anatomical position. The brevis muscle arises from the lateral epicondyle and inserts onto the dorsal base of the 3rd metacarpal. Stretching the muscle causes the triceps muscle to contract and, thus, slow flexion. Sample Decks: Muscles Actions, Origins, and Insertions of the Pelvic Complex and Hip (week 5), The Structure of The Knee Joint (week 6), The Foot and Ankle (week 6) Show Class. Place your finger on your eyebrows at the point of the bridge of the nose. The shoulder is most unstable in extension and external rotation. The Colles fracture is a fracture of the distal radius (within two centimetres of the wrist joint) with associated dorsal translocation of the distal fragment. It is innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. (Superior part: Anterior surface of superior angle. Tearing most commonly occurs in the tendon of supraspinatus. Here I discuss an alternative way to learn muscles and their origin(s), insertion(s), and action(s).Key Takeaways. Resulting in the inability to straighten the digit. Memorize Muscles, Origins, and Insertions with Cartoons and Mnemonics: 46 Muscles of the Lower Quadrant [Print Replica] Kindle Edition by Byron Moffett (Author) Format: Kindle Edition 24 ratings See all formats and editions Kindle $9.99 Read with Our Free App Flex and extend the muscle and feel its movements at the origin, midpoint, and insertion. The scapula has no direct bony attachments to the thorax, so it is held in place and stabilized through muscular attachment. You ride Longer on a Superhighway. Rather, antagonist contraction controls the movement by slowing it down and making it smooth. Muscle: Abductor pollicis longus - Origin: - Posterior surfaces of radius and ulna - Interosseous membrane - Insertion: Base of 1st metacarpal - Action: - Radial deviation of wrist - Abduction of thumb at CMC joint - Nerve Supply: Deep branch of radial nerve. The particular movement is a direct result of the muscle attachment. Kenhub. The clavicular head enables the muscle to act as a flexor (decrease angle between joints) of arm at the shoulder and the sternocostal head enables the muscle to act as an extensor (increase angle between joints). It pronates the radius and is innervated by the anterior interosseous branch of the median nerve. laterally rotates the femur with hip extension, flexes humerus, antagonist of supraspinatus Insertion: Medial proximal condyle of tibia Action: Extends thigh, flexes leg, Origin: Lateral condyle and proximal tibia Insertion: First metatarsal and first cuneiform Action: Dorsiflexes and inverts foot, Origin: Condyles of femur Insertion: Calcaneus by calcaneal tendon Action: Flexes leg, plantar flexes foot, Origin:Posterior, proximal tibia and fibula Insertion: Calcaneus by calcaneal tendon Action: Plantar flexes foot, Origin: Head and shaft of fibula, lateral condyle of tibia Insertion: First metatarsal, first cuneiform Action: Plantar flexes and everts foot, Origin: Lateral COndyle of tibia, shaft of fibula Insertion: Middle of distal phalanges of second through fifth digits Action: Extends toes, dorsiflexes foot, Origin: Inferior border of a rib Insertion: Superior border of rib below Action: Elevates ribs (increases volume in thorax), Origin: Inferior border of a rib Insertion: Superior border of rib below Action: Depresses ribs (decreases volume in thorax), Origin: Posterior occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, C7-T12 Insertion: Clavicle, Acromion process, and spine of scapula Action: Extends and abducts head, rotates and adducts scapula, fixes scapula, Origin: Spines of T2-5 Insertion: Lower one-third of vertebral border of scapula Action: retraction of scapula, Origin: Ligamentum nuchae, Spines C7-T1 Insertion: Vertebral border of scapula at scapular spine Action: retraction of scapula, Origin: Galea aponeurotica Insertion: Skin superior to orbit Action: Raises eyebrows, draws scalp anteriorly, Origin: Fascia of facial muscles near mouth Insertion: Skin of lips Action: Closes lips, Origin: Frontal and maxilla on medial margin of orbit Insertion: Skin of eyelid Action: Closes eyelid, Origin: Zygomatic arch Insertion: Angle and ramus of mandible Action: Closes mandible, Origin: Temporal fossa Insertion: coronoid process and ramus of mandible Action: Closes mandible, Origin: Sternum, clavicle Insertion: Mastoid process of temporal Action: Abducts, rotates, and flexes head, Origin: Ribs 1-8 Insertion: Vertebral border and inferior angle of scapula Action: Abducts scapula (moves scapula away from spinal column), Origin: Bottom of rib cage, Crest of pubis, symphysis pubis Insertion: xiphoid process, Origin: Ribs 5-12 Insertion: Linea alba, iliac crest, pubis Action: Compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates trunk, Origin: Inguinal ligament, iliac crest Insertion: Linea alba, ribs 10-12 Action: Compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates trunk, Origin: the inner surface of the 7th to 12th costal cartilages, the thoracolumbar fascia, the iliac crest horizontally, and the inguinal ligament Insertion: linea alba Action: support for the abdominal wall, directly on top of the sciatic nerve Additionally, these muscles switch roles with opposite movements. It is the primary lateral rotator of the shoulder, it also modulates deltoid movement. Action: external rotator of the thigh Pronator quadratus muscle:In the deepest layer of the forearm is the pronator quadratus, which is found connecting the radius (insertion) and ulna (origin) at their distal points like a strap. Medial border: Insertion of 3 muscles Mnemonic: SLR - all supplied by nerves from ROOT of brachial plexus Anteriorly: Serratus anterior (Long thoracic nerve) Posteriorly: Superiorly: Levator scapulae (Dorsal scapular nerve) Inferiorly: Rhomboids - minor superior to major (Dorsal scapular nerve) SLR and SIT mnemonic for scapular muscle attachment b. Here's a mnemonic to help you remember the innervation of the lumbricals more easily! Subjects: action comments insertion muscles nerve origin skeletal . Muscles of the shoulder and upper limb can be divided into four groups: muscles that stabilize and position the pectoral girdle, muscles that move the arm, muscles that move the forearm, and muscles that move the wrists, hands, and fingers. Tongue muscles can be extrinsic or intrinsic. It causes flexion of the interphalangeal joint (IP joint) of the thumb, as well as flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joint (MP joint). The muscles discussed below are essential to everyday life and advanced movements such as writing. Action: Extends thigh, flexes leg, Narrower than semimembranosus An agonist, or as I said before, a prime mover, is the muscle that is primarily responsible for the movement described: forearm flexion. This happens due to overuse, such as with a competitive swimmer or shotput thrower. Human hands are quite special in their anatomy, which allows us to be so dexterous and relies on muscles of the upper limb to help move it through space. Origin: Ischial tuberosity The multifidus muscle of the lumbar region helps extend and laterally flex the vertebral column. A FOSH may fracture the bone. The muscle has a frontal belly and an occipital belly (near the occipital bone on the posterior part of the skull). At the end of this video, you will be able to: 20 chapters | The distal phalanx therefore lies in permanent flexion, and has the appearance of a mallet. I feel like its a lifeline. It arises from the transverse processes of the superior four cervical vertebrae (C1-C4). The scapular region lies on the posterior surface of the thoracic wall. The movement of the eyeball is under the control of the extra ocular (extrinsic) eye muscles, which originate from the bones of the orbitand insert onto the outer surface of the white of the eye. There are two main ones, so lets break em in half. For . There are a number of other joints in the region which all move in unison in order to generate a stable movement. The origin is typically the tissues' proximal attachment, the one closest to the torso. The sternocleidomastoid divides the neck into anterior and posterior triangles. Muscles of the Upper Limb Pectoralis minor ORIGIN: anterior surface of ribs 3 - 5 ACTION INSERTION: coracoid process (scapula) Muscles Stabilizing Pectoral Girdle INNERVATION: pectoral nerves: protracts / depresses scapula (Anterior view) Serratus anterior ORIGIN: ribs 1 - 8 INSERTION: ACTION medial border of scapula stabilizes / depresses Author: Upper limb muscles and movements: want to learn more about it? The spinalis group includes the spinalis capitis, the spinalis cervicis, and the spinalis thoracis. Subscapularis muscle:This is another muscle of the rotator cuff, which is deep and arises from the large anterior subscapular fossa. The muscle forms the posterior axillary fold and rotates in order to insert onto the floor of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus.