Shortly afterwards, the Boundary Commission was established to decide on the border between the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland. Northern Ireland consists of six historic counties: County Antrim, County Armagh, County Down, County Fermanagh, County Londonderry,[112] County Tyrone. [54] The latter statement was key to winning support for the agreement from nationalists. The war was expected to last only a few weeks but in fact, lasted four years. – in Europe (green & dark grey)– in the United Kingdom (green), Northern Ireland (Irish: Tuaisceart Éireann [ˈt̪ˠuəʃcəɾˠt̪ˠ ˈeːɾʲən̪ˠ] (listen);[8] Ulster-Scots: Norlin Airlann) is variously described as a country, province, or region which is part of the United Kingdom. The UK Government and UK Parliament are responsible for reserved and excepted matters. The significance of the Belfast Agreement of 1998", "Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey, 2008; Module:Community Relations, Variable:IRISH", "Northern Ireland Life and Times Survey, 1998; Module:Community Relations, Variable:IRISH", "Home Office Immigration & Nationality Charges 2018", "Council of Europe Charter monitoring report, 2010", "Presbyterians and the Irish Language Roger Blaney (Ulster Historical Foundation/The Ultach Trust, £6.50) ISBN 0-901905-75-5". The name usage does not indicate an endorsement for either community's opinions. This escalated at the end of the century, especially during the County Armagh disturbances, where the Protestant Peep o'Day Boys fought the Catholic Defenders. He was drafted 1st overall in the 1990 NHL Draft by the Quebec Nordiques. Nationalists are overwhelmingly Catholic and descend from the population predating the settlement, with a minority from the Scottish Highlands as well as some converts from Protestantism. Land Area: (all countries) Land Divisions: Northern Ireland divides itself into 26 districts and 6 historic counties. [131], Neither government, however, extends its citizenship to all persons born in Northern Ireland. The British government's position is that its forces were neutral in the conflict, trying to uphold law and order in Northern Ireland and the right of the people of Northern Ireland to democratic self-determination. Irish (in Northern Ireland) was specified under Part III of the Charter, with a range of specific undertakings in relation to education, translation of statutes, interaction with public authorities, the use of placenames, media access, support for cultural activities and other matters. Northern Ireland's two principle cities, Belfast and Derry also have centuries of intriguing history and culture to offer visitors. Both governments exclude some people born in Northern Ireland, in particular persons born without one parent who is a British or Irish citizen. Following this, the government of the Kingdom of Great Britain pushed for the two kingdoms to be merged, in an attempt to quell sectarianism, remove discriminatory laws, and prevent the spread of French-style republicanism. Of the four, football is the most popular in Northern Ireland. Should safety in Northern Ireland be a major concern on your travels? The weather is unpredictable at all times of the year, and although the seasons are distinct, they are considerably less pronounced than in interior Europe or the eastern seaboard of North America. As a consequence of the worsening security situation, autonomous regional government for Northern Ireland was suspended in 1972. [137] It was spoken predominantly throughout what is now Northern Ireland before the Ulster Plantations in the 17th century and most place names in Northern Ireland are anglicised versions of a Gaelic name. [189] Calls from landlines in Northern Ireland to numbers in the Republic of Ireland are charged at the same rate as those to numbers in Great Britain, while landline numbers in Northern Ireland can similarly be called from the Republic of Ireland at domestic rates, using the 048 prefix.[190]. This led to the Irish War of Independence, a guerrilla war between the Irish Republican Army (IRA) and British forces. Many unionists, however, remained sceptical. Also in north Antrim are the Carrick-a-Rede Rope Bridge, Mussenden Temple and the Glens of Antrim. [115] In another survey, from 1999, 1% of respondents said they spoke it as their main language at home.[139]. Years of bad publicity had made Northern Ireland a virtual no go area for tourists, but the peace dividend has brought about increased interest in the region, and if you're planning a return trip to Ireland and want to go somewhere a little off the usual trail, then Northern Ireland is ideal. The Ulster GAA is the branch of the Gaelic Athletic Association that is responsible for the nine counties of Ulster, which include the six of Northern Ireland. This constitutes just under 3% of the population of the UK (62 million) and just over 28% of the population of the island of Ireland (6.3 million). Northern Ireland law developed from Irish law that existed before the partition of Ireland in 1921. Henry Holt & Company, 1999, p. 221; "Anglo-Irish Relations, 1939–41: A Study in Multilateral Diplomacy and Military Restraint" in. The Irish Rebellion of 1798 was led by the United Irishmen; a cross-community republican group founded by Belfast Presbyterians, which sought Irish independence. Following the election held on 7 March 2007, devolved government returned on 8 May 2007 with Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) leader Ian Paisley and Sinn Féin deputy leader Martin McGuinness taking office as First Minister and deputy First Minister, respectively. Answer to the question "Generally speaking, do you think of yourself as a unionist, a nationalist or neither? [70] Other pages on the same websites refer to Northern Ireland specifically as a "province" as do publications of the UK Statistics Authority. [184] According to the Audit Bureau of Circulations (UK) the average daily circulation for these three titles in 2018 was: Northern Ireland uses the same telecommunications and postal services as the rest of the United Kingdom at standard domestic rates and there are no mobile roaming charges between Great Britain and Northern Ireland. [164] The most notable exception is association football, which has separate governing bodies for each jurisdiction.[164]. Mr. Many voters (regardless of religious affiliation) are attracted to unionism's conservative policies, while other voters are instead attracted to the traditionally leftist Sinn Féin and SDLP and their respective party platforms for democratic socialism and social democracy.[67]. However, there are important differences in law and procedure between Northern Ireland and England and Wales. Further Protestant victories in the Williamite-Jacobite War (1688–91) solidified Anglican Protestant rule in the Kingdom of Ireland. Northern Ireland was covered by an ice sheet for most of the last ice age and on numerous previous occasions, the legacy of which can be seen in the extensive coverage of drumlins in Counties Fermanagh, Armagh, Antrim and particularly Down. Their lands were confiscated by the Crown and colonized with English-speaking Protestant settlers from Britain, in the Plantation of Ulster. [177], Owen Nolan, (born 12 February 1972) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player born in Northern Ireland. [55][56], On 28 July 2005, the Provisional IRA declared an end to its campaign and has since decommissioned what is thought to be all of its arsenal. [142], Ulster Scots comprises varieties of the Scots language spoken in Northern Ireland. Newry, Mourne and Downis a local government district in Northern Ireland that was created on 1 April 2015 by merging Newry and Mourne District and Down District. However, its implementation was suspended before it came into effect because of the outbreak of the First World War, and the Amending Bill to partition Ireland was abandoned. [110] Today, only 8% of Northern Ireland is woodland, and most of this is non-native conifer plantations.[111]. Approximately 57.5% of the total electorate voted in support, but only 1% of Catholics voted following a boycott organised by the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP). Disagreement on names, and the reading of political symbolism into the use or non-use of a word, also attaches itself to some urban centres. Perhaps Northern Ireland's most notable successes in professional sport have come in golf. In many sports, the island of Ireland fields a single team, a notable exception being association football. Recent successes for Northern Ireland teams include Armagh's 2002 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship win and Tyrone's wins in 2003, 2005 and 2008. Northern Irish murals have become well-known features of Northern Ireland, depicting past and present events and documenting peace and cultural diversity. The current wording provides that people born in Northern Ireland are entitled to be Irish citizens on the same basis as people from any other part of the island. These large firms are attracted by government subsidies and the skilled workforce in Northern Ireland. [115] In 2011, 88.8% of the population were born in Northern Ireland, with 4.5% born elsewhere in the United Kingdom, and 2.9% born in the Republic of Ireland. The Republic of Ireland, by contrast, is an independent nation. [60], The main political divide in Northern Ireland is between unionists, who wish to see Northern Ireland continue as part of the United Kingdom, and nationalists, who wish to see Northern Ireland unified with the Republic of Ireland, independent from the United Kingdom. It established a devolved power-sharing government within Northern Ireland, which must consist of both unionist and nationalist parties. Explore 111 Northern Ireland Quotes by authors including Daniel Radcliffe, John Hume, and Seamus Heaney at BrainyQuote. Gaelic games include Gaelic football, hurling (and camogie), handball and rounders. With regard to Northern Ireland's status, it said that the UK Government's "clearly-stated preference is to retain Northern Ireland’s current constitutional position: as part of the UK, but with strong links to Ireland". During the Home Rule Crisis, the possibility was discussed of a "temporary" partition of these six counties from the rest of Ireland. With their decline in official use, there is often confusion surrounding towns and cities which lie near county boundaries, such as Belfast and Lisburn, which are split between counties Down and Antrim (the majorities of both cities, however, are in Antrim). They are officially used while applying for an Irish passport, which requires one to state one's county of birth. [23] In the following decades, Northern Ireland was marked by discrimination and hostility between these two sides in what First Minister of Northern Ireland, David Trimble, called a "cold house" for Catholics. In international competitions, the Ireland national rugby union team's recent successes include four Triple Crowns between 2004 and 2009 and a Grand Slam in 2009 in the Six Nations Championship. [28], The economy of Northern Ireland was the most industrialised in Ireland, but declined as a result of the political and social turmoil of the Troubles. This led to the founding of the Protestant Orange Order. The make-up of the Northern Ireland Assembly reflects the appeals of the various parties within the population. • Belfast Health and Social Care Trust (covering local council areas of Belfast and Castlereagh); "Ark survey, 2007. These institutions were suspended by the British Government in 2002 after Police Service of Northern Ireland (PSNI) allegations of spying by people working for Sinn Féin at the Assembly (Stormontgate). The British government in 2001 ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. [176], Geraldine Heaney, an Olympic gold medalist and one of the first women inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame, competed internationally for Canada but was born in Northern Ireland. The Ireland national rugby league team has participated in the Emerging Nations Tournament (1995), the Super League World Nines (1996), the World Cup (2000 and 2008), European Nations Cup (since 2003) and Victory Cup (2004). [178], In 2007, after the closure of UCW (Ulster Championship Wrestling) which was a wrestling promotion, PWU formed, standing for Pro Wrestling Ulster. The sport is governed locally by the Northern Ireland Billiards and Snooker Association who run regular ranking tournaments and competitions. This final act of decommissioning was performed under the watch of the Independent International Commission on Decommissioning (IICD) and two external church witnesses. [117], At the 2011 census, 41.5% of the population identified as Protestant/non-Roman Catholic Christian, 41% as Roman Catholic, and 0.8% as non-Christian, while 17% identified with no religion or did not state one. Northern Ireland has traditionally had an industrial economy, most notably in shipbuilding, rope manufacture and textiles, but most heavy industry has since been replaced by services, primarily the public sector. In June 1940, to encourage the neutral Irish state to join with the Allies, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill indicated to the Taoiseach Éamon de Valera that the United Kingdom would push for Irish unity, but believing that Churchill could not deliver, de Valera declined the offer. Since 1972, it has had no official status. [45] The British did not inform the Government of Northern Ireland that they had made the offer to the Dublin government, and de Valera's rejection was not publicised until 1970. They were a large majority in County Antrim and County Down, small majorities in County Armagh and County Londonderry, and a substantial minority in Ulster's five other counties. Leaders in Dublin expected a substantial reduction in the territory of Northern Ireland, with nationalist areas moving to the Free State. The Common Travel Area pre-dates Irish and UK membership of the EU and is not dependent on it. The valley of the River Lagan is dominated by Belfast, whose metropolitan area includes over a third of the population of Northern Ireland, with heavy urbanisation and industrialisation along the Lagan Valley and both shores of Belfast Lough. Things to Do in Northern Ireland, United Kingdom: See Tripadvisor's 879,042 traveler reviews and photos of Northern Ireland tourist attractions. In this section you can find general information on the Protocol on Ireland / Northern Ireland, the Common Travel Area and the all-island economy as well as specific information on daily life, living and working, studying, and travel.
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