[4], In the 2018 census, the largest reported Christian affiliations are Anglican (6.7 percent of the population), Roman Catholic (6.3 percent), Presbyterian (4.7 percent). The following figures show the total fertility rates since the first years of British colonisation. By the 1890s, the Māori population was approximately 40 percent of its size pre-contact. [13] Most people born in New Zealand or one of the realm's external territories (Tokelau, the Ross Dependency, the Cook Islands and Niue) before 2006 are New Zealand citizens. Jewish groups blast BBC for holding 'ridiculous' debate questioning whether Jews count as an ethnic minority By Tom Pyman For Mailonline 16:21 02 Mar 2021, updated 16:53 02 Mar 2021 3 shares The non-white population across the UK as a whole was 14%, according to the 2011 census. [109], In 1982 New Zealand had the lowest per-capita income of all the developed nations surveyed by the World Bank. Nevertheless, the legacy of the country’s colonization and the large-scale dispossession of their land by settlers, to be felt to this day. Again, there have been a number of departures … The next largest ethnic block in New Zealand are Asians at 15.1 percent of New Zealand's population. By 2036 the number of people aged 65 and over is projected to increase by 77 percent over 2016. He also said the constitution was causing trouble between the Burman majority and ethnic minority groups. Auckland is the most ethnically diverse region in New Zealand with 43.0 percent identifying as Europeans, 28.5 percent as Asian, 11 percent as Māori, 15.5 percent as Pacific Islanders, and 2 percent as Middle Eastern, Latin American or African (MELAA). MacDonald, R., The Maori of Aotearoa/New Zealand, London, MRG, 1990. Asian groups have also sometimes been disadvantaged. The second-largest was Ngāti Porou, with 71,049 people (down 1.2 percent from 2006). ), Waitangi: Contemporary Maori and Pakeha Perspectives on the Treaty, Auckland, Auckland University Press, 2001. Between 1945 and 1970 the annual rate of population growth increased significantly following a higher birth rate and considerable immigration. Both pieces of legislation are ultimately testimony to the continuing vulnerability of Maori’s indigenous rights. (ed. [71] The number of people identifying as having Moriori descents increased from 105 in 1991 to 945 in 2006,[72] but decreased to 738 in 2013.[73]. [4] It was declared one of New Zealand's official languages in 2006. About 18 percent of the rural population live in areas that have a high urban influence (roughly 12.9 people per square kilometre), many working in the main urban area. [4] Immigration and associated demographic change in recent decades has contributed to the growth of minority religions,[103] especially Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam. The proportions of people adding up to each ethnic group do not therefore add up to 100 percent. The maps below (taken from 2013 census data[54]) show the percentages of people in each census area unit identifying themselves as European, Māori, Asian, or Pacific Islander (as defined by Statistics New Zealand). After 5 years the person can apply for permanent residency. [83][84] The future of the language was the subject of a claim before the Waitangi Tribunal in 1985. Diggers, Hatters and Whores.p 197-198. [8], Unemployment peaked above 10 percent in 1991 and 1992,[117] before falling to a record low of 3.7 percent in 2007 (ranking third from twenty-seven comparable OECD nations). ... said women from ethnic minority groups in New Zealand also faced "double discrimination". The definition of ethnic in my job title is quite specific. For Māoris with their concept of turangawaewae (‘a place to stand’), indicating the close connection between land and tribal and personal identity, the dispossession was not simply about alienation of their land but a loss of self-governance and of cultural identity which continues to be reflected in the inequalities experienced by Māori in comparison with non-Māori across a broad range of social indicators. There are more than 22 different Pacific communities in New Zealand. Beginning in 1975, with the establishment of the Waitangi Tribunal to hear claims brought by Māori against the government for breaches of the Treaty, notable steps have been taken to address these historical injustices and to reach settlements of Māori land claims (albeit that the Tribunal’s jurisdiction was only extended in 1985 to cover grievances dating back to 1840). Statistics New Zealand, Pacific Progress: A Report on the Economic Status of Pacific Peoples in New Zealand, Wellington, 2002. (‘a place to stand’), indicating the close connection between land and tribal and personal identity, the dispossession was not simply about alienation of their land but a loss of self-governance and of cultural identity which continues to be reflected in the inequalities experienced by Māori in comparison with non-Māori across a broad range of social indicators. [91], In July 2019[update] there were 476,240 primary students, 278,266 secondary students, and 58,340 students attending composite (combined primary and secondary) schools. [n 10] The median personal income in 2006 was $24,400. [45] Skilled migrants are assessed by Immigration New Zealand and applicants that they believe will contribute are issued with a residential visa, while those with potential are issued with a work to resident visa. Māori experience discrimination in a range of spheres, reflected in their continued overrepresentation in the criminal justice system, as both offenders and victims. The. Following reconciliation and consultation processes a NZ$5 million grant was provided for a Chinese Heritage Trust Fund. In 2008–09, a target of 45,000 migrants was set by the New Zealand Immigration Service (plus a 5,000 tolerance). As at the 2018 census, 37 percent of the population identify as Christians, with Hinduism and Buddhism being the largest minority religions; almost half of the population (48.5 percent) is irreligious. [86][n 6] There are now Māori language immersion schools and two Māori Television channels, the only nationwide television channels to have the majority of their prime-time content delivered in Māori. Overview of the demographics of New Zealand, Total fertility rates since the first years of British colonisation. They also, like Māori, experience markedly poorer health outcomes than the rest of the population, with raised levels of diabetes, obesity and infant mortality. Of these, 360,000, over three-quarters of the New Zealand-born population residing outside of New Zealand, live in Australia. This article incorporates public domain material from the CIA World Factbook website https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/. [63], All major ethnic groups except European increased when compared with the 2013 census, in which 74 percent identified as European, 14.6 percent as Māori, 11.8 percent as Asian, and 7.4 percent of Pacific Islander origin. [70][71] The Moriori population was decimated, first, by disease brought by European sealers and whalers and, second, by Taranaki Māori, with only 101 surviving in 1862 and the last known full-blooded Moriori dying in 1933. For instance, together Māori and Pacific Islanders are three times more likely to. The blue squares measure the overall ethnic diversity of a region in 2009 and the orange squares measure ethnic diversity in 2017. Because of the proportional representation system there are many minor parties and seven seats are reserved for Māori electors. In fertility rates, 2.1 and above is a stable population and have been marked blue, 2 and below leads to an aging population with the result that the population reduces. Much of New Zealand is mountainous and of volcanic origin. [95] There are 13 school years and attending state (public) schools is nominally free from an individual's fifth birthday until the end of the calendar year following their 19th birthday. Furthermore, despite significant gains in recent years, Māori continue to have the poorest health outcomes of any New Zealand community. Immigration reached a peak in the late 1950s, when more than half of all migrants were from the United Kingdom and most others were from northern Europe. 311–36. [118] Unemployment rose back to 7 percent in late 2009. In 2013, over half (51.6 percent) of New Zealand's overseas-born population lived in the Auckland Region, including 72 percent of the country's Pacific Island-born population, 64 percent of its Asian-born population, and 56 percent of its Middle Eastern and African- born population. [17] In May 2020, Statistics New Zealand reported that New Zealand's population had climbed above 5 million people in March 2020;[18] in September 2020, this was revised six months earlier to September 2019 when population estimates were rebased to the 2018 census. Māori disillusionment and anger at subsequent white responses to the treaty have underlain all, and especially the more recent, attempts to gain greater self-determination and power. Māori experience discrimination in a range of spheres, reflected in their continued overrepresentation in the criminal justice system, as both offenders and victims. Under its charismatic leader, Winston Peters, a part Maori politician, it also challenged the Waitangi Tribunal, the commission of inquiry set up in 1975 to adjudicate claims made by Māori in relation to grievances extending back to the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840. It is highest in the ‘Anglosphere’ and North-West Europe, including the UK. As people could identify themselves with multiple groups, percentages are not cumulative. [108] Most people are on wages or salaries (59.9 percent), with the other sources of income being interest and investments (24.1 percent) and self-employment (16.6 percent). Depressions in the 1880s and 1930s slowed economic and population growth. [95][96], The academic year in New Zealand varies between institutions, but generally runs from late January until mid-December for primary and secondary schools and polytechnics, and from late February until mid-November for universities. One thing though, since I downloaded the data in a mix of Region, Territory, and Subdivision, I had to filter the data to keep only Territory areas. New Zealand - Ethnic groups Photo by: Tupungato. While Samoans constitute the largest Pacific community, there are also substantial numbers of Cook Islanders, Fijians, Niueans, Tokelauans and Tongans, with smaller numbers from Kiribati, the small islands of Micronesia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and Vanuatu. In Auckland, 23 per cent of the city’s residents identify as Asian. In 1993 a new nationalist party, New Zealand First, was founded, in part to oppose perceived high levels of migration from Asia. A total of 110,928 people (or 18.5 percent) of Māori descent did not know their iwi (an increase of 8.4 percent compared with 2006). So we can calculate the proportions of ethnic groups for each territory the same way we saw above, and visualize it on the Map using New Zealand Territory level GeoJSON. They also, like Māori, experience markedly poorer health outcomes than the rest of the population, with raised levels of diabetes, obesity and infant mortality. Discrimination against Asians in the labour market has resulted in them disproportionately occupying low-paying employment. This was up from $15,600 in 1996, with the largest increases in the $50,000 to $70,000 bracket. The increasing demand of white settlers (Pakeha) for land led to considerable conflict throughout much of the nineteenth century, especially in the North Island. Relations between Māori and the government are based on the Treaty of Waitangi, signed in 1840 between the British Crown and a number of Māori tribes or iwi, and considered as one of New Zealand’s founding instruments. Obtaining redress from the government for the wrongful invasion and confiscation of land has been a slow and bitter process. The 1961 New Zealand census recorded that the population was 92 percent European and 7 percent Māori, with Asian and Pacific minorities sharing the remaining 1 percent. A number of historical and cultural factors bear upon why separate women's groups formed in only some immigrant or ethnic populations here. [41], At the 2018 census, 27.4 percent of people counted were not born in New Zealand, up from 25.2 percent in 2013. [77] The words rarely and really, reel and real, doll and dole, pull and pool, witch and which, and full and fill can sometimes be pronounced as homophones. In 2002 the government officially apologised to the Chinese community for historic grievances, especially the imposition of a poll tax that the first wave of Chinese migrants had endured at the end of the nineteenth and start of the twentieth century. [21][n 3] During early migration in 1858, New Zealand had 131 males for every 100 females, but following changes in migration patterns and the modern longevity advantage of women, females came to outnumber males in 1971. Programme for International Student Assessment, "National Population Estimates: At 30 June 2016", "Births and deaths: Year ended December 2017", "2013 Census QuickStats about culture and identity – Languages spoken", "2018 Census population and dwelling counts | Stats NZ", "Seeking an Ethnic Identity: Is "New Zealander" a Valid Ethnic Category? [119] In the June 2017 quarter, unemployment had fallen to 4.8 percent. [107] The largest occupation recorded during the census was sales assistant with 93,840 people. [62] Auckland was the most diverse region with 43.0 percent identifying as European, 28.5 percent as Asian, 11 percent as Māori, 15.5 percent as Pacific Islanders and 1 percent as MELAA.
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